What strategies should be in place to bring sustainable balance development in Rural areas to impede the fast rate of urbanization and give more time to city managers to adjust the city to the increasing rate of migrations in developing countries?
There is need to ensure location of industries in the rural areas. This will provide more job opprtunities in the rural areas. Also, lack of infrastructural facilities and social amenities such as good roads , health facilities, standard schools have encourage rural -urban migration. If these are made available, it will reduce congestion in the cities
What makes you think rural to urban migration ought to be mitigated? Rural people migrate into cities because they expect to improve their personal welfare. Their expectations are often met. You should read the book Triumph of the City by Glaeser, a gifted urban scholar, and especially refer to chapter 3 "what's good about slums ?". The idea that cities are becoming too big is no longer valid. Never has been.
Thank you Loes and Olusegun for the answers.
Dear Mr. Gat, the question is focused on cases of developing countries where urban development is not at the level of migration rate. The case specially gets undesirable when the economy of the country is based on traditional agriculture. I totally agree that everybody deserves a better life; but keeping in mind each country has its own socioeconomic context and needs solutions commensurate to that country. Thank you for the advice, I will try to find the book and read it.
Dear Nematullah (I assume this is your first name and that first-name is appropriate. Please address me as Daniel). I have to think a bit before responding at length, but here is a first thought: I am old enough to remember that during the early days after independence, planners here (in Israel) were betting that the future was to be highly dependent on agriculture, and big cities were considered un-helpful. All that had changed unexpectantly as a result of deep investments in education. Agriculture also progressed and it did so along a rather strange direction: serious water shortage triggered research and development into trickle irrigation and other rural breakthroughs. Well - some food for thought. Finally, I stand by my recommendation of the Glaeser book.
Nematullah:
I agree with Daniel and also recommend you read the book Triumph of the City by Glaeser. I believe that reading is of great value for you.
Thank you Daniel and Andréa, I just found the book online. I will read it; and yes, you guys make a lot of sense :)
Is this the book you talk about? http://www.scribd.com/doc/84387858/Triumph-of-the-city-How-our-Greatest-invention-makes-us-Richer-smarter-greener-healthier-and-Happier-Copy
Yes, it is the book, Nematullah!
I'm sure it will be very useful.
Good read!
The question you may want to examine revolves more around the necessary protections that need to be installed so that any exchange between the rural and urban stakeholders isn't exploitative, but of mutual benefit and understanding of the rules and benefits (expectations) of the interaction.
I do understand that this isn't how the rural and urban relationship has existed in the past, but it might be the way that we can envision it in the future.
Thank you Nic for the response; UNDP had a study on this issue outlining principles, policy examples and cases on this topic from various regions, back in 2000. The report can be found at: ftp://pogar.org/LocalUser/pogar/publications/other/undp/guides/rural-urb-links-01e.pdf
You have made quite valid points, these should be core to each strategy.
Most important is the spatial pattern of transportation. If you build a hub spoke transportation network, you get a few urban giants and huge migration from rural areas. Other transportation network alternatives, will retard the problems associated with rapid growth in a few locations
Balancing urban and rural development and attempts to mitigate rural to urban migration is largely based on how institutions and their related polices are organised. It is also based on the integration of these institutions and policies which allow for all forms of forced and unforced 'biases' from disrupting delivery of services.
On the question of migration, I think it is foolish to attempt to control mobility of people. Of course the Chinese government tried vigorously in the earlier years and now the flood gates have opened since the endorsement of the market economy. Even with so called balanced rural and urban development, migration is inevitable fact of life. The significant point however is for ensuring balanced delivery of infrastructure, goods and services. As former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam noted there is a need for the Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA). This is a strategy for rural development in India.
PURA proposes that urban infrastructure and services be provided in rural hubs to create economic opportunities outside of cities. Physical connectivity by providing roads, electronic connectivity by providing communication network, and knowledge connectivity by establishing professional and Technical institutions will have to be done in an integrated way so that economic connectivity will emanate. The Indian central government has been running pilot PURA programs in several states since 2004.
You can download this book entitled “planning strategies to reduce rural- urban disparities in developping countries with particular reference to Iran”
https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/18581/2/02whole.pdf
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