Decentralized wastewater treatment systems play a crucial role in promoting water reuse and reducing environmental pollution. Here are some key points:

1. **Sustainable Water Management**: Decentralized treatment systems treat wastewater at or near the source of pollution with the goal of reusing the treated water for local agriculture or other uses¹. This reduces net water consumption and allows treated water to replenish the groundwater table¹.

2. **Efficiency**: Decentralized wastewater treatment systems can be more efficient than centralized systems. They significantly reduce the need for long-distance conveyance infrastructures, thereby lowering carbon emissions associated with the construction of large-scale steel or concrete pipelines².

3. **Reducing Urban Pollution**: By improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and increasing the pollutant removal rate, decentralized systems can reduce urban pollution and improve the quality of local water resources².

4. **Promoting Water Reuse**: The treated water from decentralized systems can be safely reused for agricultural irrigation, potentially increasing the availability of water for irrigation, which is crucial for ending hunger and achieving food security².

5. **Innovation in Sanitation Technologies**: Decentralized systems foster innovation in sanitation technologies by integrating processes like the Facultative Membrane Bioreactor (FMBR), which aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by ensuring sustainable management and access to water and sanitation for all².

In summary, decentralized wastewater treatment systems are a transformative solution for sustainable water management, contributing to the advancement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including clean water and sanitation, industry, innovation, and infrastructure, sustainable cities and communities, and climate action².

(1) Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Water Using Decentralized Systems .... https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-031-16017-2_59.

(2) Exploration and Practice of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Model. https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/Liao%2C%20et%20al._Exploration%20and%20Practice%20of%20Decentralized%20Wastewater%20Treatment%20Model.pdf.

(3) Sustainable Wastewater Management Through Decentralized Systems: Case .... https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75199-3_2.

Raghad Mouhamad, thanks a lot for pitching your idea regarding this question.

Dear Researcher Dr. PD

It's most ideal to have Decentralized waste water system having waste water coming in multiple stream of flows in residential homes Etc.

Flows are as follows viz

- Waste water from wash uses after bath, wash face Etc

- Effluent from Kitchen uses, cooking process

Vessels or containers used in cooking process

- wash water from laundry ie clothes and others wash water.

All the above are mild ly soiled and need less efforts.

The main wash water is from toilets, which is more polluted and is called Sewage water.

Water is used for flushing of urinals and Fecal Sludge from toilets Etc.

This write up details the effluent called Sewage from Toilets called as Sewage

And

The other waters other than Sewage called as Sullage.

Both are dealt with separately and the processed water is used for secondary uses in the site itself for various uses.

If needed Sewage water is processed and made compliant as per Pollution Board norms and allowed to be discharged into Municipal Sewerage system for further conveyance or into natural discharges into water bodies Etc

... to be continued ...

With best wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University

Chennai India

Ajit Seshadri , thanks for your contribution, Prof.