My research work is on antibiotic production. My queries is that "why the producers bacteria are resistant to antibiotic it produces? what might be the possible molecular and cellular strategies of resistance in such bacteria
I think the following articles will be helpful:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964724
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17238916
The bacteria producing the antibiotic always will have the resistance mechanisms to avoid its destruction by its own compounds..Bacteria produces various degradation enzymes that acts on the antibiotic targets sites in the bacteria for examples the Beta lactamases are the enzymes that are mostly produced by the Gram negative bacteria and they acts on the Beta lactam ring of the antibiotic and modifies the target that leads to the inactivation of the drug..These enzymes are encoded by the specific resistance genes..Apart from this the bacteria could its cell membrane in a number of ways to avoid the entry of the antibiotic like the loss of porins..
There are many mechanisms. If you search the literature, you will find many papers on the subject. Here is a review to get you started:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02679.x/full
As Mr. Tareen and Mr. Shapiro already mentioned there are various mechanisms by which microorganisms can obtain resistance. These mechanisms may be degradation of antibiotics by enzymes, inactivation of target sites, efflux of antibiotics by efflux pumps and alteration of porin proteins. there is a lot of research done till now and still lot of work in going on in this area of research. you can get a good idea about it with this review.
http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v13/n1/pdf/nrmicro3380.pdf
One way antibiotic-producing microorganisms avoid being killed is by producing what’s called a “resistance protein,” capable of inactivating the antibiotic.
When the antibiotic is released into the environment, it enters and kills other bacterial cells, the resistance protein inactivates any of the antibiotic that gets back inside the microorganism it came from.
Another way is by having modified cell structures that aren’t affected by the antibiotic they produce. In general, antibiotics work by interacting with very specific sites on, or within, bacterial cells.
Antibiotics are usually not produced during early growth phase of the bacteria, but start to be made as growth slows and enters the stationary phase. Bibb, 2005 had described the complex triggers that lead to transcription of the biosynthetic genes at the appropriate time. In order to act effectively in antibiotic self-protection, the resistance-conferring proteins – antibiotic-modifying and target-protecting enzymes, or export pumps – must be present in sufficiently high concentrations at this critical moment when the biosynthetic pathway has begun to produce the antibiotic.
I think the following articles will be helpful:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964724
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17238916
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