If the data are numerical, you can use TOPSIS (and a many extensions of this method). If the data are qualitative (or "numerical and qualitative") you can use AHP or ANP methods. I will recommend a more adequately MCDM method if you expand the description of your problem.
Yes, TOPSIS, AHP and ANP methods have need these information, but I didn't expect such an interpretation of your problem. If decision-maker don't give you any information, what you know about problem? Do you want obtain in result: ranking, the best alternative or clustering?
I think about methods which let support DM at incomparability of the criteria. Methods like ELECTRE IV, MINMAX, etc. It is here not important to me what area of problems (best solution, ranking, clustering or classification) are taken under consideration.
By the way, do you know the SMARTS Method? It is a kind of swings and exchanges of a compesantion and addictive procedure.
Maybe here you can find some direction...
Edwards, W. e Barron, F. H. (1994), SMARTS and SMARTER: Improved Simple Methods for Multiattribute Utility Measurement, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 60, 306-325.
The vikor method needs importance weights, so, it isn't a example of weightless method. Please look for example section 3.2 in the paper:
Hu-Chen Liu, Long Liu, Nan Liu, Ling-Xiang Mao. 2012. Risk evaluation in failure mode and effects analysis with extended VIKOR method under fuzzy environment, Expert Systems with Applications 39(17): 12926-12934.
You don't need to create weights for criteria. You can use Shannon's entropy method that gives exact weights based on information contained in the problem, that is, without subjectivity. Zavadskas has an example of this