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Hello Koni Bei,

In my opinion, what you observe is the arbusculs, what is typically observed in Medicago and Fragaria roots I'm working on. What is disturbing is the absence of hyphae (and vesicles). I think it is simply a staining problem. What is the staining technique you use???

Best regards

Ait Lahmidi Nassima

Hi

Yes, I am agree. It looks like arbusculus into the cortical root cells. It is typically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It is disturbing the absence of hyphae, but, in my oppinion, this type of ecosystem (Antarctic) is poor studied in relation to mycorrhizal symbiosis. Can the absence of vesicles and hyphae be one characteristic of this type of extreme ecosystem?

In my opinion these are not AM fungal structures. The cell inclusions or the cytoplasm of the cells gets stained if the cells are not cleared properly during the staining process. So standardization of the root clearing process would solve this problem.

I do not think these are arbuscules, absence of hyphae is strongly indicative that these structures are artefacts of staining. This happens quite often if the protocols (e.g. incubation times in hydroxide and acid) are not adapted to a specific plant species. One could try to restain the roots with Chlorazol Black

These are overstaining cells with trypan Blue, the hiphal connection absent is very important¡¡¡. I not see any mycorrhizal structure