Petri plates are used in microbiology to culture microorganisms. Microbiology is the scientific study of organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye and include things like bacterium, fungi, and viruses.
Petri dishes are plates often with measure of 9 cm diameter and contain sterile solid media used for growing microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria and used for microbiological studies.
Julius Richard Petri (May 31, 1852 – December 20, 1921) was a German microbiologist who is generally credited with inventing the device known as the Petri dish after him, while working as assistant to bacteriologist Robert Koch.
Petri dishes are often used to make plates that are used for microbiology studies. The dish is partially filled with warm liquid containing agar, and a mixture of specific ingredients that may include nutrients, blood, salts, carbohydrates, dyes, indicators, amino acids and antibiotics. After the agar cools and solidifies, the dish is ready to receive a microbe-laden sample in a process known as inoculation or "plating". For virus or phage cultures, a two-step inoculation is needed: bacteria are grown first to provide hosts for the viral inoculum.