I tried to determine the protein concentration of protein isolates at 280nm but i was not getting any reasonable results despite the various dilutions. Is there any other method or procedures i can use without using any reagent? Thank you.
There are many protein assay methods, but other than A280, they all require the use of reagents. In the past, people have suggested using UV fluorescence of some proteins, but quenching seems to have been a problem. (See attached paper).
Thank you all for your sincere contributions. Nanodrop is not available. Maybe i will keep trying the use of A280 and finally resolve to the use of Kjedahl method if the results obtained are still unsatisfactory.
The most straightforward psectrophotometric method for quantitating protein content in biological samples is the Bradford method (Article A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram q...
) which involves the binding of the dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 to protein that causes a shift in the absorption maximum of the dye from 465 to 595 nm. The increase in absorption at 595 nm is monitored and appropriate dilutions of BSA protein are used to prepare a calibration curve based on this external standard.
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Quantifying protein by directly measuring absorbance is fast and convenient, since no additional reagents or incubations are required. No protein standard need be prepared and the procedure does not consume the protein. The relationship of absorbance to protein concentration is linear. Because different proteins and nucleic acids have widely varying absorption characteristics there may be considerable error, especially for unknowns or protein mixtures. Any non-protein component of the solution that absorbs ultraviolet light will intefere with the measurements. Cell and tissue fractionation samples often contain insoluble or colored components that interfere. The most common use for this method is to monitor fractions from chromatography columns, or any time a quick estimation is needed and error in protein concentration is not a concern. This method is recommended for calibrating bovine serum albumin or other pure protein solutions for use as standards in other methods.
Principle
Proteins in solution absorb ultraviolet light with absorbance maxima at 280 and 200 nm. Amino acids with aromatic rings are the primary reason for the absorbance peak at 280 nm. Peptide bonds are primarily responsible for the peak at 200 nm. Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure all affect absorbance, therefore factors such as pH, ionic strength, etc. can alter the absorbance spectrum.
Equipment
In addition to standard liquid handling supplies a spectrophotometer with UV lamp and quartz cuvette are required.
Procedure
Carry out steps 1-4 (280 nm only) for a very rough estimate. Carry out all steps if nucleic acid contamination is likely.
Warm up the UV lamp (about 15 min.)
Adjust wavelength to 280 nm
Calibrate to zero absorbance with buffer solution only
Measure absorbance of the protein solution
Adjust wavelength to 260 nm
Calibrate to zero absorbance with buffer solution only
Measure absorbance of the protein solution
Analysis
Unknown proteins or protein mixtures. Use the following formula to roughly estimate protein concentration. Path length for most spectrometers is 1 cm.
Concentration (mg/ml) = Absorbance at 280 nm divided by path length (cm.)
Pure protein of known absorbance coefficient. Use the following formula for a path length of 1 cm. Concentration is in mg/ml, %, or molarity depending on which type coefficient is used.
concentration = Absorbance at 280 nm divided by absorbance coefficient
To convert units, use these relationships:
Mg protein/ml = % protein divided by 10 = molarity divided by protein molecular weight
Unknowns with possible nucleic acid contamination. Use the following formula to estimate protein concentration:
Concentration (mg/ml) = (1.55 x A280) - 0.76 x A260)