Microorganisms in soil carry out many vital processes in soil. Some of them perform important functions in nutrient and carbon cycling. Soil microorganisms play an essential role in decomposing and decomposing organic matter, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility. Soil microorganisms produce a large amount of adhesive material (eg polysaccharides and mucilage) that help stick and compact soil masses. This adhesive prevents the soil particles from collapsing when exposed to water.

Dr Fatemeh Gharahdaghigharahtappeh thank you for your contribution to the discussion

i am not into studies on soil microorganisms but is aware that the functions of soil microorganisms cannot be underestimated especially in the decomposition of wastes to organic matter and the generation of biofuels.

The role of soil microbes is of high interest, since they are responsible for most biological transformations and drive the development of stable and labile pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and other nutrients, which facilitate the subsequent establishment of plant communities. Microorganisms are essential to soil formation and soil ecology because they control the flux of nutrients to plants, promote nitrogen fixation, and promote soil detoxification of inorganic and naturally occurring organic pollutants. Microorganisms have several vital roles in ecosystems: decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiotic relationships. Decomposition is where dead animal or plant matter is broken down into more basic molecules. This process only happens because of the microorganisms that find their way into the dead matter. Microorganisms have several vital roles in ecosystems: decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiotic relationships. Decomposition is where dead animal or plant matter is broken down into more basic molecules. This process only happens because of the microorganisms that find their way into the dead matter. Within food plant cropping systems, microorganisms provide vital functions and ecosystem services, such as biological pest and disease control, promotion of plant growth and crop quality, and biodegradation of organic matter and pollutants. Germs, or microbes, are found everywhere, including on and in people, animals, and the environment, where they exist in communities are microbiomes. Microbes can make nutrients and minerals in the soil available to plants, produce hormones that spur growth, stimulate the plant immune system and trigger or dampen stress responses. In general a more diverse soil microbiome results in fewer plant diseases and higher yield. All soil organisms help decompose nutrient rich organic material which increases soil organic matter (SOM) that feeds plants. Larger soil organisms, such as earthworms and arthropods, add nutrients to the soil through their waste as they shred and feed on SOM. Soil organisms are responsible for many important functions in the soil, including decomposing and breaking down organic matter, fixing atmospheric nitrogen, cycling nutrients, improving soil structure, improving soil fertility, and improving water holding capacity. The actions of soil organisms are extremely important for maintaining healthy soils. These organisms can change the physical organization of soil by creating burrows, can add nutrients to the soil through the breakdown of dead leaves, and can help to control the populations of other soil organisms. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants. Both plants and microorganisms obtain their nutrients from soil and change soil properties by organic litter deposition and metabolic activities, respectively. Microorganisms have a range of direct effects on plants through, e.g., manipulation of hormone signaling and protection against pathogens. Soil organisms play a principal role in modification of their environment, nutrient cycling and soil formation. These effects can be achieved by contribution of soil biota to food webs which facilitates mineralization of soil organic matter and release of nutrients.