we are working on improving salinity tolerance in plants using various strategies. one of the biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants is the synthesis of the amino acid proline.
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I hope these articles can help you find your answers
(Hamilton and Heckathorn, 2001)
(Matysik et al., 2002)
(Khedr et al., 2003)...
Proline is inducible against a number of abiotic stress like salt stress. There exist a direct relationship of proline accumulation under salt stress. Please read the following:
1. Bartels, D. and R. Sunkar (2005). "Drought and salt tolerance in plants." Critical reviews in plant sciences 24(1): 23-58.
2. Szabados, L. and A. Savoure (2010). "Proline: a multifunctional amino acid." Trends in Plant Science 15(2): 89-97.
The salt exclusion deserves a role and it is linked to root bypass flow. Compatible solutes like proline and polyols can be involved in tolerance rather than avoidant reactions. Drainage and irrigation are the domenant factors but a biochemical approach can be useful for engineering plants as in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950567
Proline is an anti-multiple-stress compound, not just for salinity but also for drought and heat stresses. It works by a variety of mechanisms, including stablizing membranes and enzymes, reducing ROS and acting as osmolyte in cells. Please read the reivew by Hayat et al. (Role of proline under changing environments: A review, 2012, Plant Signal Behav. 7(11): 1456–1466).
For your study, it is essential to understand how stresses signal the accumulation of proline through increasing synthesis or reducing degradation. Please refer to another review by Hare et al. (Proline synthesis and degradation: a model system for elucidating stress-related signal transduction, 1999, Journal of Experimental Botany, 50(333): 413–434) for more information. From then, you can try to introduce some of these signals to plant and see their effects on proline level and its correlation with salt tolerance.
Proline detoxifies the excess reactive oxygen species, improves osmotic adjustment, lends protection to biological membranes, and stabilizes enzymes/proteins. Thus, as expected, proline content in plant leaves increased substantially with the increase in salinity stress. The increase in proline content due to salt stress, as observed in numerous crop plants, is correlative to plant tolerance to salinity. However, we have examined in few plants that foliar application salicylic acid markedly reduced this enhanced proline production. The reduced proline level in salicylic acid treated plants, is indicative of the stress-mitigating role of salicylic acid that might boost plant growth under stress. Reports are also available on up-regulation of proline-biosynthesis enzymes (such as pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and γ-glutamyl kinase) and down-regulation of proline oxidase activity resulted in the increased proline level, which helped maintain cell turgor under salinity stress.
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