Is possible that female athletes with light level of muscle mass, have low levels of muscle damage?
Muscle damage from eccentric exercise is primarily determined by previous exercise. Does the subject normally exercise this muscle eccentrically over this range of lengths? Any observed relationship with body composition is very probably via exercise.
Thank you, but i observed that the female volleyball player with more muscle mass have low levels of CK and mioglobina and equal is because the training adaptations have a aumentation of muscle mass.
The adaptation to eccentric exercise does seem to involve growing extra sarcomeres is series, which would increase muscle mass. So high levels of long length eccentric training will both increase muscle mass and protect against damage from eccentric exercise.
thank you. Do you have any reference that explain this question? I need for write the discision.
The muscle mass increase was shown first by Geoff Goldspink. You should check for others, but I think that the key references are:
Goldspink, G. (1985). "Malleability of the motor system: a comparative approach." Journal of Experimental Biology 115: 375-391.
Goldspink, G., A. Scutt, et al. (1991). "Stretch and Force Generation Induce Rapid Hypertrophy and Myosin Isoform Gene Switching in Adult Skeletal Muscle." Biochem Soc Trans 19(2): 368-373.
Increased sarcomere counts are in:
Lynn, R. and D. L. Morgan (1994). "Decline running produces more sarcomeres in rat vastus intermedius muscle fibres than incline running." Journal of Applied Physiology 77(5): 1439-1444.
The protection against injury has lots of papers back to the 1980s.
(Armstrong et al., 1983; Newham et al., 1983; McCully and Faulkner, 1985).
My favourite experiment for the importance of long length is walking down stairs two at a time in:
Morgan, D. L. and U. Proske (2004). "Popping sarcomere hypothesis explains stretch-induced muscle damage." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 31(8): 541-545.
That will also have references for others.
Have you ever estimated Lactat, Pyruvat and intracellullar ATP in the blood in these female athlets? We saw Lactat-Pyruvate-quotients > 50 (norm < 20) und a reduced intracellular ATP showing a severe tissue acid and therefore mircorcellular muscle damage.
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