Is there a possibility that bacteria show low solubilization index on PVK agar medium but show quite a high solubilization efficiency in PVK broth when quantified? If so, Kindly share some literature.
There could be several reasons for what you observe. Bacteria have different growth dynamics when cultured in broth and agar media. There is also the issue of the penetration of phosphate solubilizing substances - some larger ones might have difficulty dispersing through solid medium. Nutrient availibility might also be an issue for the agar plated bacteria - they must rely solely on diffusion, instead being actively mixed with the liquid medium.
To calculate the solubilization index, you need to have the diameter length of both bacterial colony and the clear zone around it. However, to quantify the effectiveness, you pick up a volume from the supernatant and follow the protocole you have.
Did you use other media? like NBRIP or GES. If not, I advise you to do it.