I know this a one type of chronobiological disorder. Can anyone tell me what is the actual reason of this type of disorder? Because I feel myself this type of problem last few months.
Any suggestions would be much appreciated.
Hello Tatiana,
Thank you so much for your good explanation. But i have one more query to you, last few months mostly daily suddenly wake up 3-3.30 AM then sleep will come around early morning 6-630 AM. Is this any sleep oriented disorder/insomnia or others problem? I need your any suggestion. Lets me explain the difference between REM and NREM little bit details.
Thanking you.
Hello,
REM sleep also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. The REM sleep is mainly due to a strong activity from the mesopontine cholinergic system (ascending cholinergic systems) which inhibits the thalamic reticular nucleus and induces an activation of the thalamocortical loops which cause the strong cortical activity observed. Otherwise, cholinergic neurons also induce the activation of glycinergic neurons (through glutamatergic activity on the reticular magnocellular nucleus) which cause inhibition of spinal motoneurons (paralysis). The rapid eyes movements are due to a superior colliculus activation by cholinergic system which stimulates the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) responsible for the eyes movement's direction and frequency. In REM sleep, there is also a shutdown of monoaminergic system.
In NREM sleep, the mesopontine cholinergic system is inactive. The thalamic reticular nucleus is active and exercises a strong inhibition on thalamocortical loops which cause a low cortical activity and slow frequency brain waves. The monoaminergic system are also active.
On a chronobiological point of view, there are many factors which could cause sleep disorders. The short days of winter with the decrease of the photoperiod for example, can induce a specific kind of depression called seasonal affective disorder (SAD), which could be cause by the modification of monoaminergic system and notably serotonin (strong implication in the sleep/wake rhythm). A unsteady sleep/wake rhythm or chronic stress could also desynchronises your circadian rhythm and induces sleep disorders. More rarely, very specific mutations of clock genes (notably per) have been described and seem to be responsible for several complex insomnia or hypersomnia cases.
Sleep/wake rhythm is the result of several complex neural activities including many brain structures. there are many possible reasons in case of dysfunction. Many of mechanisms are still poorly understood today.
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