In this decade, several techniques have been used to study plant abiotic stress. However, some of the most popular techniques are:
Transcriptomics: Transcriptomics is the study of gene expression at the transcript level, which provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stress.
Proteomics: Proteomics involves the study of the entire set of proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism. Proteomics can help to identify proteins that are involved in plant responses to abiotic stress.
Metabolomics: Metabolomics is the study of the complete set of metabolites in a cell, tissue, or organism. Metabolomics can help to identify metabolic pathways that are altered in response to abiotic stress.
Phenotyping: Phenotyping involves the measurement of plant traits or characteristics, such as growth rate, biomass accumulation, and yield, under different abiotic stress conditions.
Imaging: Imaging techniques, such as confocal microscopy, can provide high-resolution images of plant tissues and organs, which can help to understand the physiological responses of plants to abiotic stress.
Overall, these techniques are widely used to understand the molecular and physiological responses of plants to abiotic stress, and they can help in the development of new strategies for improving plant resilience to adverse environmental conditions.
I'd say floating leaf disks in salt solutions for salinity stress, withholding water for drought stress, increasing/decreasing temperature for heat/cold stress, and increased light intensity for hi-light stress. Any combination of these have been tried as well.