Maximum Weight % of graphene can be added in prepartion of polymer nanocomposites and in Glass fiber reinforced composites?
Graphene fillers is as nanotubes or nanoclays, during the mixing the amount con not exide 6 wt%.
regards
Dear Manjunatha,
Good question and I assume that you will receive various answers going from the actual State of the Art. In fact there is different information regarding the loading of nanofiller, going from few to tens of percent (see you RAMANATHAN et al., Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 45, 2097–2112 (2007)). Firstly, for simplicity, I believe that you need to take in consideration the requirements of your final application, the nature and characteristics of polymer matrix, of your nanofiller (i.e., graphene/ graphite type), and so on.
Based on a previous experience in the production of polyamides and by considering the commercialized products, I will say that addition of about 4 wt.% was enough to obtain good lubricating properties, but also high tensile strength and rigidity.
However, the rigidity of polymer nanocomposites (Young’s modulus) is usually increasing good correlation with the amounts of graphite/graphene. To obtain fire retardancy and antistatic electrical properties, usually a higher loading of nanofiller (graphene/graphite) is needed (5-10%). Moreover, to obtain conductive electrical properties, some authors are claiming even addition of 20-30 % vol nanofiller into the polymer matrix (I. Tavman, et al., Effects of Conductive Graphite Filler Loading on Physical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Composite, POLYMER COMPOSITES—-2012, DOI 10.1002/pc.22230)
Good luck in your choice and best regards,
Marius
PS: For additional information mostly connected to PLA-graphite nanocomposites I have selected also other references:
Miloaga, D. G., et al., Scanning probe thermal analysis of polylactic acid/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP™) nanocomposites. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 2008, 2(1), 78-84. DOI: 10.1166/jbmb.2008.208
Gao, Yuqing, Processing and Properties of Multifunctional Polylactide/Graphene Composites (Thesis/2017), https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/29608
M. Murariu et al., The production and properties of polylactide composites filled with expanded graphite, Polymer Degradation and Stability 2010, Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages 889-900
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