DNA fingerprinting is a tool used in identification especially for the establishment of the parental relationship.
Roewer L. DNA fingerprinting in forensics: past, present, future. Investigative genetics. 2013 Nov 18;4(1):22.
20 years after the development of DNA fingerprinting, DNA analysis remains the key to linking suspects to biological evidence and to identifying individuals in crimes and disasters and the establishment of paternity.
DNA can be used to identify individuals with incredible accuracy when sufficient biological evidence exists. A probability of paternity greater than 99.9% can be achieved when the alleged father is biologically related to the child.
A standard family relationship DNA test uses the 13 core loci on a DNA piece to form a genetic profile of each tested party. These 13 loci are proved to be highly variable among individuals. We all know that, only identical twins will inherit the same patterns on these loci.
By using buccal swab or blood samples, the paternity DNA test starts with extracting DNA and preparing it for PCR which amplifies the limited amount of extracted DNA & is used to generate the genetic profile. After all tested individuals’ genetic profiles are generated, DNA analysts will look for a match between those profiles to determine the biological relationship that may exist between the tested parties.
For other family relationship DNA testing, certain degrees of relatedness need to be achieved to prove if any biological relationship exists among the tested parties.
These might be helpful:-
http://www.dnatestingforpaternity.com/paternity-test.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200713/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3990198/
Article Discovery, Development, and Current Applications of Dna Iden...
Article DNA fingerprinting in forensics: Past, present, future
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