Urea is a natural compound that occurs in the urine of mammals. It is relatively non-toxic. Since it contains nitrogen, it adds to the high nitrogen load on agricultural land and groundwater.
The ammonia and urea industry is responsible for about 0.93 % of the global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).Wastewater generated at urea plants contains ammoniacal and Kjeldahl nitrogen in varying concentrations, which can lead to groundwater and surface water pollution.One of the gases that contributes toward the global warming is N2O which is due to the fertilizer effect, mainly urea.Ammonia & Urea contribute to climate change in several ways: nitrous oxide emissions, energy consumption, soil health, and water pollution. The use of ammonia & Urea contributes to climate change through N2O emissions, energy consumption, soil health degradation, and water pollution.