Biotic stresses would include pathogens which cause diseases (fungi, bacteria, virus, and nematodes), insects which feed of plants, and weeds that compete and interfere with plant production. Abiotic stresses are negative impacts of non-living factors on the living crops and animals. They are environmental rather than biologic. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the population performance or individual physiology of the organism in a significant way.

Abiotic stressors, are factors which are not of biological nature. Water relations such as flooding, drought, sunlight or wind damage, too high or low temperatures soil compaction, nutrient deficiencies and excesses, salinity and improper soil pH are all common abiotic stresses. Up to 50% of the potential yield and quality can be sacrificed from abiotic stresses and about half that can occur from biotic stressors.

A host of abiotic and biotic stressors can work for causing a perfect storm of catastrophic losses. Abiotic stress is the most harmful factor concerning the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors.

Biotic stresses are caused by living factors such as pathogens and pests. Abiotic stresses are things like salinity in the water or pH in the soil (non-living).

Dear Waqas

Biotic stress refers to the negative effects of living organisms such as herbivorous, insects, nematodes, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, among others. Apart from causing defoliation, these organisms represent the main pests and diseases in plants. Regarding abiotic stress, this term refers to negative effects of factors of physical and chemical nature such as UV radiation, extreme temperatures (high or low), frost, cold, salinity, toxic elements, heavy metals, drought, and anoxia, among others.

Biotic stresses would include pathogens which cause diseases (fungi, bacteria, virus, and nematodes), insects which feed of plants, and weeds that compete and interfere with plant production. Abiotic stresses are negative impacts of non-living factors on the living crops and animals. They are environmental rather than biologic. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the population performance or individual physiology of the organism in a significant way.

Abiotic stressors, are factors which are not of biological nature. Water relations such as flooding, drought, sunlight or wind damage, too high or low temperatures soil compaction, nutrient deficiencies and excesses, salinity and improper soil pH are all common abiotic stresses. Up to 50% of the potential yield and quality can be sacrificed from abiotic stresses and about half that can occur from biotic stressors.

A host of abiotic and biotic stressors can work for causing a perfect storm of catastrophic losses. Abiotic stress is the most harmful factor concerning the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors.

Biotic stress: stress caused by living organisms such as pathogens

Abiotic stress: stress caused by other factors than living organisms. Example: environmental factors---- temperature, drought, salt, heavy metals etc.

Biotic stress are adverse or negative effects of living organisms in an environment arising from the interaction with non-living organisms. Abiotic or non-biotic stress are adverse or negative effects of the physical and chemical components of the environment arising from the interaction with living organisms.

I hope you got your answer with so many replying to you.

Biotic stresses cause by living things eg. bacteria, fungus, viruses, insects, nematodes etc, but Abiotic stress causes by environmental factors such as drought, salinity, soil pH etc.

Biotic stress is caused by living things like microorganisms (pathogens), release of allelochemicals by the plant or another organism, etc while non biotic are cause by changes in environmental factors, like lack of soil nutrients, shortage of water, acidic soils (pH), high salts (salinity stress).

Biotic stress is induced in the plant by living organisms or pathogens like bacteria, fungi etc whiles abiotic stress is environmentally controlled, they are imposed on the plant by the surrounding environmental conditions like high temperature, water stress, soil acidity and the likes.

Biotic stress is stress coused by biological objects - fungy, bacteria, viruses, insects and so on. Non biotic q s\as you alled it, an morw known in literature as abiotic stres is coued by obgects with not biollogica origin - soil, water and air pollutannt, nutrient deficit or ecxess, climat changes and so on.

Biotic stresses are caused by living organisms, while abiotic stresses by environmental factors.

Diseases, insects and weeds are included in biotic stresses, whereas temperature extremes (high or low), excess water (water logging), water deficit (drought), soil salinity, alkalinity, deficiency or excess of nutrients etc. are included in abiotic stresses.

Simple way to differentiate:

Biotic stresses are those which are caused by any biological (living) entities, where as abiotic stresses are caused by non - living entities.

Biotic Stress include: insect and pest attack, bacteria, virus, nematodes attack on crop plants

Non biotic aka Abiotic stress include: High and Low temperature, Salinity, Drought, excess moisture, UV stress, heavy metal stress, nutrient deficiency.

Hello Waqas Al-Joboory,

I hope you have already received your answer. However, you can also follow the links below for more information.

https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/2003/9-12-2003/stresses.html

For more details info on the interface between abiotic and biotic stress responses, follow this link:

https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw110

Good Luck !

Dear Waqas,

I think, your query has been answered properly.

Dear Dr Ghulam,

Greetings from Egypt, I would like to thank you for your interesting question. Biotic and abiotic both are stresses face plant during growth. But biotic stresses are caused by any biological or living organisims such as fungal, bacteria, Nematodes, viruses...etc., however, abiotic stresses are caused by nonliving organisms such as drought, heat, salt, heavy metal etc...The plant which immune for biotic or disease called resistance and sensitive one called susceptible, however plants which are good under abiotic stress call tolerant and bad one called sensitive

with best regards

Prof Khaled F M Salem

Biotic stresses are the those animate factors that adversely affect normal physiology, growth and development of crop plants ultimately leading to significant decline in economic yield.

When inanimate factors operates for the above manifestation, those are summarised commonly as abiotic stresses.

Various abiotic stresses may invite biotic factors ( fungi, bacteria etc.) to further act on crop plants and vice versa.

Many a time one abiotic stress is invites a combination of abitic stress.eg. crops growing in acidic soil face Al & Mn deficiency.

What about alteration in normal soil status that is caused by extract of biological entity that are not alive then i.e. secretion from dead remains if microbes. Will these be classified as biotic or abiotic stress?

A Stressor is a factor that elicits a complex cellular and molecular response system implemented by the plant in order to prevent damage and ensure survival, but often at the detriment of growth and yield.

The effect of a stressor is called as stress that may be manifested in many forms particularly reduction in yield.

If a stressor is a resultant (direct or indirect) of any physical parameter like, heat, cold, drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency it is termed as abiotic stress.

If a stressor is a resultant (direct or indirect) of any biological entity then it is termed as biotic stress. This list would include pathogenic microbes, insect pests etc. This would also include any secondary metabolite secreted by some other plant or even the sporogenic remains of dead microbes.

Having said that, It is also important to note that the two type of stressors most of the time have an additive or interactive effect.

e.g. Drought stress can cause detrimental effects to plant pathogen resistance

There are many other examples

I agree with A. Mishra.

Biotic and abiotic issues are not mutually exclusive. A good example of this is drought stress which serves as a predisposing factor for charcoal root and stem disease which affect numerous hosts but is mostly only a limiting issue when drought hampers the active resistance of the host plant. Drought is really the biggest limitation to plant productivity yet it does not get the study that parasitic diseases get.

�-?�8/

Abiotic stresses are environmental rather than biologic.

Very nicely answered by all. I think now it is clear to all what is biotic stress and what is abiotic stress.