what is the cause of decreasing water quantity in karez? and what is the solution of Prevention decreasing water?
https://www.researchgate.net/search/publications?q=qanat%252Bsystem&page=2
Karez systems depend on tapping round water flows in uplands. If the recharge to the groundwater is impaired, the stock of the ground water and it's level will decrease as withdrawals increase. To prevent decreases, it is essential to manage the system as a common pool resource. Increasing recharge and reducing overuse of the can help in maintaining steady supplies. In addition, maintenance of the system to through routine fixing of the infrastructure will be needed.
Dear Sadam,
The shift towards pumping ground water has also caused a decrease in ground water levels. The contribution of modernity, such as pumps, has contributed significantly to the degradation of the old groundwater collection systems.
With my best regards
Prof. Bachir ACHOUR
Water is finite resource.With increasing per capita consumption there would be reduction in water quantity.increased urbanisation ,exponential rise in population growth , enhanced technology for groundwater extraction and change in climate have contributed towatds the decreased availability of water resources.
For this you need to consider the water balance. Among many, the major factors contributing to low water yield from Kareez is the climatic changes causing a decrease in net precipitation in the recharge/catchment area of the kareez aquifer and the increasing use of pumping unit pulling down the water table. Among the minor factor which could be a specific but not general is the mandatory maintenance and basic know how to keep these kareez system running.
Another reason could be its geolocation, if the Kareez is close to a settlement (village/town) then it is likely that either the population increase (refugees and local population increase) or improvement/changes in life style has increased the domestic water demand forcing the community to extract more water than before. This is further triggered by water use after post harvest particularly fruits crop, if a processing unit/facility is located in the same vicinity.
The bottom line is that we have to consider many factors and i would recommend you to have a satellite imagery if you are looking at specific case study and interview local farmers, water management specialists the to get an idea of all possible causes that may have effect the water table depletion. Also you shouldn't ignore the impact of seismic activity as well.
Dear Sadam,
In my opinion, it is simply an issue of increased gap between recharge and discharge of the kareze. Due to changed annual precipitation pattern and increased population pressure, the situation is becoming even worse. One other reason may be the social one, I mean the poor management of the kareze system may be the cause of decreasing water quantity from these units.
Dr. Zafar
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