I think some articles may be useful

Separation of some rice straw components and studying their effect on some

hydro-physical properties of two different soils

Rama T. Rashad

Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from rice straw

Ping Lu, You-Lo Hsieh, Carbohydrate Polymers 87 (2012) 564– 573

Study on structure and thermal stability properties of cellulose fibers from

rice straw, Carbohydrate Polymers 85 (2011) 245–250

Thank you for your sugestions. This articles are usefull.

The problem is this methods seem to be too much energy / chemical consumptions in larger scale of production. Plants are much more renewable than wood, but they have more percentige of lignin and hemicellulose. Therefore they need more energy / chemical treatmant for extracting cellulose.

Does anyone know more cost effective and economical way of removing lignin and hemicellulose and extracting pure cellulose from raw sample (plant and wood) ?

There are two methods which are TAPPI methods.

Firstly, You need to make extraction (for tannin, wax colour materials so on.)

Secondly, Holocellulose must be obtained from this samples (Extracted samples). After obtain the holocellulose you need to determine alpha-cellulose content (Alpha cellulose is assumed pure cellulose).

Thirdly, With H2SO4 you can obtain klason lignin.

You can find these all methods on TAPPI website.

I think that the microbiological approach using microorganisms may be a suitable alternative but it also may be time consuming. 

Thank you Mustafa and Rama for your answers. I will look to it and see which method is best suitable for conditions that I'm work with. Best regards.

Lignin (%) - by TAPPI (Technical Association Paper and Pulp

Industry) 13wd - 74

A one-gram, oven-dried sample of extractive-free raw material  placed

in a 150 mL beaker. Fifteen mL of cold sulphuric acid (72 %)  added slowly

while stirring and mixed well. The reaction proceeded for two hours with frequent

stirring in a water bath maintained at 20 oC. When the two hours had expired, the specimen was transferred by washing it with 560 mL of distilled water into a

1,000 mL flask, diluting the concentration of the sulphuric acid to three per cent.

An allihn condenserwill be  attached to the flask. The apparatus should placed in

a boiling water bath for four hours. The flasks were then removed from the water

bath and the insoluble material was allowed to settle. The contents of the flasks

were filtered by vacuum suction into a fritted-glass crucible of known weight. The

residue was washed free of acid with 500 mL of hot tap water and then oven-dried at 103±2 oC. Crucibles were then cooled in a desiccator and weighed until a constant weight was obtained.

Thank you Sartaj for such a thorough response, I will try it. Best regards.

TAPPI method will work better if you need to extract cellulose only i.e. alpha cellulose,

Method no. - T 203 cm – 99

Thank you Prakashchandra for your response. I'm not familiar with that metod, can you describe it (or copy/paste) ? At my current research I need only alpha cellulose, so it would be helpfull. Later I'll expand research into lignin and hemicellulose, but currently I'm in nedd just for alfa cellulose in order to obtain cellulose nanowhiskers. Best regards.

• Holocellulose: Wise Chloride method (Wise, 1962).

• Alpha cellulose: TAPPI T 203 os-71 (Anonim. , 1992).

You must obtain Holocellulose from extracted samples before obtain Alpha cellulose. 

Thank you Mustafa.

I have attaches file for separation of alpha, beta and gamma celluloses from wood and pulp. It is analytical method. 

Thank you Prakashchandra. Thank you very much. Best regards.

Hi.

I think firstly it depends on what the starting material is. For example biomass (lignocellulose biomass) has got different lignin concentrations in them. The first method would be of course to remove large amounts of lignin. This can be achieved by a chemical pulping process (Kraft or bisulphite...). Then you can follow a bleaching process to remove remaining lignin. After that then you acid hydrolyze your pulp to yield cellulose nanofibres. SUMMARY:

1. Pulping (Kraft, bisulphite, sulphate process)

2. Bleaching (Oxygen, Sodium Hydroxide, Chlorine)

3.. Acid hydrolysis (Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphuric acid)

This is just a rough method and I assume you start of with wood (raw material). If your starting material is different from this then another process can be employed.

Thank you mr. Ntuli.

Mr Ntuli, since you mentioned that it depends on a starting material, how this can work with plant fibers e.g. banana, kenaf, sisal, ....

what about from a thermo mechanical pulping plant, how can we extract lignin from their waste water if they do not use the kraft process?

Would the Kraft process also be ideal with industrial hemp biomass?

please, before start blenching we must do the preparation of extractive with solvent(ethanol/toluene) for example for orange waste powder wich method I use?!

Thank you