Interconnection grid is always good for the steady supply but if you want to be self sustained and have enough resources locally then microgrid is also a good option specially when you have multiple source (i.e. wind turbine along with solar PV or diesel generation) of power generation in micro-grid.  There has been lot of research going in reducing consumption specially in the domain called demand side management. 

Too list a few approaches:

* Demand side management (as stated by above answer) - schedule your loads in a strategic manner

* Solar panels - reduce the net demand of your building and even supply energy back to the grid

* Energy efficiency - install better lighting, more efficient heating, better ventilation, among others.

i am agree with mr. Muhammad Yasir 

Building integrated renewables will mostly mean photovoltaics, solar thermal, and/or passive solar heating and cooling.  Building integrated wind power is often hyped, but has a poor energy return on energy investment, because both the amount and quality of wind in the built environment is very low.

Batteries are currently still very expensive, both expressed in monetary value and as energy needed for production. From a pure technical and environmental point of view they should be avoided when possible, and when used their services should be shared by as many people as possible. This means that if you can connect to a reliable grid you should not use batteries, and make your PV-system grid connected. Microgrids are good for small communities far away from the transmission grid. Autonomous systems are good for isolated houses in the country.

However, there are situations where PV + grid connection + batteries makes sense for non-enviornmental reasons. For example if the grid is unreliable, or if the consumer price of electricity is much higher than the feed in tariff for the PV power.

By the way: you posted many different questions with more or less the same explanatory text, that often does not match the main question. If you want high quality answers you should  put in a bit more effort into clearly  formulating your questions. 

Thank you Jethro for your answer and suggestion. I've got an question for you. Do you think the best alternative is using mix systems different renewable energies in a building? Is it efficient?

Thank you Muhammad for your answer. In your experiences What type of demand energy manager is better Energy efficiency, demand response or dynamic Demand? Can you mix all them? I would like to know about your experiences in your country?

Thanks you Mushfiqur for your answer. Some people argue that demand-side management has been ineffective because it has often resulted in higher utility costs for consumers and less profit for utilities. What do you think about that?

Rolando, 

Such a study requires a long term analysis (e.g. years) in order to see the profit/loss. I have not done such a study so I will just give my opinion.

Demand side management (DSM) is not meant to "reduce" energy. It is meant to shift energy in time, i.e. peak to non-peak shifting. As you shift from peak to off-peak, you reduce the need for peaking power plants that are very expensive. But as you increase the off-peak energy consumption, you need more generation, which can come from either wind resources or additional power plants, or a combination of both. However, if conventional generation is needed because not enough wind is available, the generation already exists in the system and they are usually the medium-cost plants, which are usually scheduled to operate during the middle hours of the day. 

Hence, what potentially may happen is the off-peak prices will increase (due to new generation supplying energy) and the peak-prices will decrease (due to not requiring off-peak plants). Ideally, the system will be much more efficient because the price curve over the 24 hour period will flatten.

In terms of costs, the consumers (under a real-time tariff) will pay a higher cost at off-peak periods but at the same time they will pay a lower cost at the peak-periods.

The utilities will actually hedge the risk of wholesale prices by sharing the risk with consumers. They will have more accurate data of their consumer-base and thus can utilize the day-ahead electricity markets more effectively, and resort less to the real-time market where prices typically are much higher.

Hopefully, I have given a general overview. There are most likely literature out there that does the analysis for this.

Rolando: what do you mean with "mix systems"?

Jethro I mean that for example,you can mix solar system with eolic system to make up for energy losses that each system would have if them work alone.

Mushfiqur thanks, It mean that a good strategy is efficient energy monitoring in time. So you have to involve this topic in the LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) of building and in their design strategies. What do you think?

Jethro, I'm sorry. I mean Hybri-Systems. Can you help me please?

Hi Rolando,

Wind and solar power complement each other to some extend. For example here in Europe there is more sun in summer and more wind in winter. See for example:

http://reiner-lemoine-institut.de/sites/default/files/6cv.1.32_gerlach2011_pv-wind-complementarity_paper_pvsec_preprint.pdf

If you have an autonomous system or a microgrid this means you will need your back-up less often and for shorter periods. If your back-up is batteries they can have a smaller capacity . If your back-up is a fossil fuel generator it means you will need less fuel.  The best combination of PV, wind, and back-up will differ for different locations and different user behaviour, and will have to be determined on a case by case basis means of simulation. There is plenty of literature on this subject. Useful search phrases for google scholar are: "PV wind diesel battery hybrid" "PV wind microgrid " and "solar home systems"

Wind turbines are the most effective if they are big and built at areas with a good wind resource (i.e. not in the city!). So if there is a grid it makes no sense to build them on or around buildings. It is better to build multi-MW windturbines in rural areas and use their power via the grid.

Building integrated wind turbines are often hyped in the media but in practice they are expensive ineffective gimmicks. The wind resource in the built environment is just not good enough.

SMART Micro grids using solar (roof / side mounted) and wind(roof top)

using hotwater based Vapour absorbtion or adsorbtion chillers for HVAC requirements

Day lighting solution like light tube, sky light etc.,

Passive constructive materials with good thermal non conduction characteristics