To compare expression differences of a certain protein in serum exosomes which are derived from differnent disease state, what is the best loading control for Western Blots for serum exosomes?
Very generally speaking, ideally you use total protein stain (e.g. REVERT™ Total Protein Stain for the LI-COR System). For exosomal markers you can try CD63, CD81, CD9, TSG101 or ALIX.
See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035355 or Article Proteomic comparison defines novel markers to characterize h...
There is a total protein normalization procedure with ponceau staining. Look for the question in research gate: Can Ponceau staining of membranes be used as a loading control ?
Also, if you have money and the equipaments, try stain free normalization. Article: Stain Free Total Protein Staining is a Superior Loading Control to β-Actin for Western Blots.