Ironmaking and steelmaking slags are produced in large quantities, so ideal application are those of large scale. Currently, the main use of slags is in the construction materials sector.
For example, Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) from ironmaking is commonly used in the preparation of clinker (a precursor to cement), replacing virgin limestone. Ground-granulated BFS can also be mixed with cement in the preparation of concrete.
Converter slag from steelmaking has been used in many countries in road building, typically in the subbase of the roads. For this application, care should be taken with slags that contain free lime, as this mineral hydrates over time, leading to expansion and cracking of the roads.
A recent area of research on the utilization of calcium-rich slags is as a carbon sink. Such slags are reactive with carbonic acid (CO2 in water), trapping the CO2 in mineral form. Alternatively, research is also being done on extracting calcium from the slags and subsequently reacting this isolated calcium with CO2, thus forming high purity precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). PCC has many industrial applications, such as in papermaking, polymers, paints, etc.
To learn more about these and other applications of slags, I recommend reading the attached paper.
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