Mohamed A Elbagerma It depends on the nature and type of nanoparticles and what are you looking for using those nanoparticles. I can give you a list of some characterization techniques.
The question is very general. Variable characterizaation methods can be used to study and design nano-particles. The technique depend of the dimension of their diameter (micometer or nanometer) of th particles...
Yes for the general characterization we use UV-Vis spectroscopy scan (if Nanoparticles shows some optical properties), SEM/TEM for morphology..EDX for elemental analysis of nanoparticles. XRD (crystal structure, property analysis), FTIR (functional groups identification/changes by peak shifts)and TGA/DTA characterizations are required. But, Zeta Sizer (Hydrodynamic size in nanometer) and zeta potential (mV) is also very important if you wish to know relative size and stability of your nanoparticles resp. If you are able to get zeta potential values outside ± 30 mV range, good luck.