Dear Mr. Yazan Altarazi,

The optimal tailor-made fuel blend for Biodiesel and Kerosene that satisfies the desired kerosene fuel physicochemical properties which complying with the fuel regulation, ASTM D3699-19, can be proposed by developing a model-based product design optimization model.

Computer-aided product design is now a rapid analysis method that could control a process or predict a more desirable outcome. Fuel blending optimisation has now gained increasing scientific attention because it can predict performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. At the same time, the expensive experimental-based method with abundant numerous candidates and alternatives is reserved only for verification of the most promising candidates.

A model-based fuel blending has more advantages, such as can analyse the effects of the constraints, study the behavior of a system without running engine performance tests, zero risks, and easily performing a What-If analysis.

Please refer to this article, it is recommended. I hope this helps.

Article Reducing diesel exhaust emissions by optimisation of alcohol...

You may try this linear optimization model developed in this ISI WoS Q1 (IF: 7.246) article to predict the near-optimal binary blend of Biodiesel and Kerosene.

Kindly cite and share this article with your colleagues. Your support is much appreciated. Best Wishes.

It varies depending on the need. You can calculate the thermodynamics of the desired fuel and formulate it.

It depends on the quality of biodiesel. 25% blend has been used in India so far for flying an air plane.

Rachan Karmakar thanks for your response, may I have the article's title which has been mentioned about using 25% of biodiesel in aeroplanes?

Zul Ilham thanks for your kindly response, do you have any recommending articles are talking about how to calculate desired fuel and formulate it

Mohammad Yusuf

I have no information about such paper. I am sharing google page from where you can have information about this

https://www.google.com/search?q=flight+ran+on+biodiesel+in+india&oq=flight+ran+on+biodiesel+in+india&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i22i29i30.8868j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8