I want to look at the status of oxidative stress (OS) in females with PCOS & related conditions. There are some studies that show there is OS in such conditions but conflicting views in case of lean and obese cases. Also want to know what could be sources of such oxidative stress in PCOS and related conditions?
I at age 32 lost menstration because the toxic cobalt poisoning thyroid issues.
in obesity oxidative stress is a well known association,with glutathion peroxidase,,reductase and other liver enzymes getting adfected and free radicles getti g increased along with increased hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and fhis is not usually that much seen in lean PCOS and then GLUTATHIONE sTRANSFERAS and other enzymes being found higher morfe in patients having higher androgen levels and one finds more oxidative stress in patients havinfg hypothyeoidism with role of thyroid hormone found in this and its impotance studies more in male azoospermics or in women withovaian ageing rather than PCOS but these factorsz have bee highlightedand some more enzymes related to keep these free radicles in check like sulphhydrl etc and all these lycopene etc whether they work in PCOShave not been demondtrtedemphatically.
Actually, these consequences raising, after the Insulin Resistance and Leptin Resistance which are hallmarks of Obesity, adiposopathy, dyslipidemia.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic oligo-anovulation. However, many features of the metabolic syndrome are inconsistently present in the majority of women with PCOS.
Approximately 50% of PCOS women are overweight or obese and most of them have the abdominal phenotype. Obesity may play a pathogenetic role in the development of the syndrome in susceptible individuals. In fact, insulin possesses true gonadotrophic function and an increased insulin availability at the level of ovarian tissue may favour excess androgen synthesis. Obesity, particularly the abdominal phenotype, may be partly responsible for insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. Therefore, obesity-related hyperinsulinemia may play a key role in favouring hyperandrogenism in these
women. Other factors such as increased estrogen production rate, increased activity of the opioid system and of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, decreased sex hormone binding globulin synthesis and, possibly, high dietary lipid intake, may be additional mechanisms by which obesity favours the development of hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Irrespective of the pathogenetic mechanism involved, obese PCOS women have more severe hyperandrogenism and related clinical features (such as hirsutism, menstrual abnormalities and anovulation) than normal-weight PCOS women. This picture tends to be more pronounced in obese PCOS women with the abdominal phenotype.
Now, Oxidative stress:
A lot of investigations have revealed that OS level is significantly increased in patients with PCOS compared with the normal, when oxidative status is evaluated by circulating markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, OS level is also observed to be significantly correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and chronic inflammation. Though OS is considered as a potential inducement of PCOS pathogenesis, it is still undetermined whether the abnormal OS levels of patients with PCOS derive from PCOS itself or if they are related to the potential complications.
Oxidative stress (OS) reflects an imbalance between production and scavenging of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and excess ROS accumulated in vivo would induce cell, protein, and lipid damage. ROS includes both free radical and non-free radical oxygenated molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide, singlet oxygen (1/2 O2), and the hydroxyl radical. Reactive nitrogen, iron, copper, and sulfur species are also involved in OS. Free radicals are the species possessing unpaired electron in the external orbit and could exist independently.
you can find more details here (http://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/8589318/)
In another study findings also support the presence of oxidative stress as evidenced by an increase in MDA levels and a decrease in ferric acid reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels in non-obese PCOS women. PCOS is associated with dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors especially elevated triglycerides which serve to increase the substrate for free radicals which are not neutralized by the defective antioxidant system. As a consequence oxidative stress may enhance lipid peroxidation and further contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Correcting oxidative stress with antioxidants could have a beneficial effect on oxidative
Therefore, Correcting oxidative stress with antioxidants could have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism seen in these women.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149064/#).
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