Shapero & Sokol (1982) theory of entrepreneurial event is one of the two fundamental intention-based models aiming to explain entrepreneurial intentions and better understand subsequent behaviour. Plus have a look at Krueger et al. (2000) "Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions", where you will find an answer about perceived feasibility and desirability.
You might appreciate this other couple of reference
Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta‐Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291-332.
Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694.
Shapero's Model (1982) of Entrepreneurial Event (SEE) is one of the two intention-based models that are widely recognized. The model points out that the intention to start a business is derived from perception of desirability and the feasibility as well as propensity to act upon opportunities. Entrepreneurial Events require the potential to start a business to exist before the propensity to act. The perceived feasibility is the degree to which one feels personally capable of starting a business.
Hi - I was Al Shapero''s last student. He came up with this model independently of Ajzen & Fishbein but the parallels are obvious. The precipitating factors variable is the biggest difference as TPB assumes explicitly no barriers to action. Both are static, however, so with a dynamic process like the evolution of intent/action... looking at Bagozzi's work might be helpful as would Michael Bratman. Another fruitful area for research is looking deeply at the assumptions that drive intentional (and habitual) action - some exciting work surfacing using insights from neuroscience [gulp!] and applying all of this to entrep education. Inna and Matthjis both has great thinking in this direction! (Also Tommaso mentions the nice work by Schlaegel & Koenig; I would add Peterman & Kennedy's ETP article testing Shapero model.)
p.s. Olga - your link is not live- can you repost it?
Thank you Norris. It's an honor to have your contribution to this discussion. And I very much appreciate your thoughts. What are your recent interests in Neuroscience?
Tommaso - as we move forward with understanding intentions, we have to dig deeper and deeper. Where do our beliefs attitudes come from?More important, what does this mean for learning & education? Fortunately, the developmental psych & cognitive developmental psych experts have been a big part of education theory for some time now (about 100 years, LOL). Did you see this http://bit.ly/ETP2007 ? That was great fun to write! (You can also see my other stuff if you go to www.slideshare.net/norriskrueger (slideshare is a great tool!)
Hi, Thank you very much for your answer. I think your point is very precise. I would like to add that I am working to add entrepreneurial learning into your last conceptual model of EI in order to design the dynamic model of entrepreneurial intention. Since, there is always time gap/delay between intention and entrepreneurial action, we should consider EI as a dynamic phenomena. what is your opinions? according to you entrepreneurial learning could explain theoretically and practically this dynamic phenomena?
There are dynamic models - Richard Bagozzi is particularly prescient. His model of effortful decision making might be a good place to start. I might start with this chapter: http://bit.ly/a39PzE - it's in a great compendium edited by Alan Carsrud and Malin Brannback (who are going to edit a new volume on intentions, so this might be a good outlet to publish your work!) I am also interested personally in how we learn - http://bit.ly/ETP2007 might be a start. Good luck and stay in touch!
Essentially, Shapero used Perceived Desirability to cover Ajzen-Fishbein's Social Nornms & Attitude; Perceived Behavioral Control is not exactly the same as Perceived Feasibility and Shapero adds Propensity to Act (that is more of a Person variable, not PxS like the others.
I'm still wondering which is correct 'Shapero's SEE or Shapero and Sokol's SEE. There's a book chapter showing both names as a co-author but some prefer to only mention Shapero.
Is there anyone accessible to this:
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton & K. H. Vespe (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kourosh - it is a bit tricky. The model dates to 1975 when he first hinted at it in Psychology Today and elsewhere. To me, it's the Shapero Model (he'd say 'entrepreneurial event model'). However, the dominant citation is Shapero & Sokol. (Alternately, Shapero, A. (1985). The entrepreneurial event. College of Administrative Science, Ohio State University.is a working paper version of a slightly refined version. So.. I call it Shapero Model but cite S&S! :)
Dear Norris, thanks for the reply. I wish I could have the following paper. I couldn't find it
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton & K. H. Vespe (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.