Probability as described in text books is correct. I see it differently though. If I am dreaming and my dream is an event. Probability that out of 100 dreams one has actually come true is 1/100.or if my dream is always true or gets executed, then the probability that out of 100 events occurring on earth one of them is the event I Dreamt. It might be 0 or 100. I see it this way. Contradictions are welcome.
Game theory in fact employs probability to define the likelihood of events better and come up with the best strategy for that game. But Game theory involves developing strategies in order to dominate the game or at least come up a choice that has the maximum Pareto efficiency. They are similar in that both deal with uncertainty.
Mathematics is the science of quantity, number and space, which may be abstract or applied in nature to other numerate disciplines such as engineering and physics.
's answer: Below is a link that works and gives an account of the exchange of ideas initiated by the "dispute", in this case a calculation by Antoine Gombaud which contradicted a commonly accepted gambling rule. Thereafter the first formulation of a general theory was developed in a series of letters between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat; other formulations soon followed.