The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in collaboration with other organizations such as Cornell University and INSEAD. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the innovation capabilities and performance of countries around the world.
It consists of inputs as well as outputs which are classified into 7 seven pillars.
Please see here: https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/statistic/framework-global-innovation-index-gii-2022
At the end of the day, each country takes its value (score) in the normalized Global Innovation Index. Also, you can find (in annual reports) the ranking of countries based on their scores.