In a directed content analysis, you construct a pre-determined codebook from an existing theory or other explanatory framework. This kind of content analysis is usually relatively quantitative, and typically relies on counting codes.
In directed content analysis, a researcher formulates the initial coding scheme based on existing theory or previous research before commencing the data analysis process. Here is a good read that distinguishes among three approaches to qualitative content analysis.
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687