Hey, guys. I'm using Hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride for bladder cancer fluorescence imaging, and i'm suffered from a question:
1. does it have intrinsic fluorescence itself?
2. What are its excitation and emission wavelengths (Ex/Em)?
3. I often face issues like uneven staining, weak signals, and high background noise.
Any practical tips or solutions would be very helpful!
Since there is / was no answer yet, I'd like to point you to some references you might consult (admitting that I haven't used that staining stuff HAL anytime):
i): "To date, the use of HAL may be regarded the gold standard for bladder fluorescence cystoscopy, for its diagnostic efficiency with clinically manageable reduced intravesical exposure times of about 1 h [Klem et al. 2006]." cited from: Di STASI et al_2015: cf.: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4647142/, a systematic literature Review: "Hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride in the detection of nonmuscle invasive cancer of the bladder" (Ther Adv Urol. 2015 Dec;7(6):339–350. doi: 10.1177/1756287215603274). PDF: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4647142/pdf/10.1177_1756287215603274.pdf
ii) Website DRUGBANK: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06261 : E.g., in section: >PharmacodiagnosticsMechanism of action
Hexaminolevulinate Hydrochloride (HY-16045, MedChemExpress) is a non-fluorescent prodrug that exerts its fluorescent properties via cellular metabolism into the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) (see PMID: 20118993). The generated PpIX exhibits excitation maxima at 410 nm (Soret band), with emission maxima near 695 nm. For flow cytometry applications, PpIX can alternatively be excited using a 488 nm argon-ion laser, which aligns with its secondary excitation peak, enabling fluorescence detection within the same emission range.
The answer to this question comes from MedChemExpress (MCE) Technical Support.
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