Mr Gomez your suggestion are really valuable. Is there any standard cardiovascular parameter norm (values) for training persons and normal sedentary person?

a) Heart rate (rest & exercise) = ?????

b) vo2 Max = ????

c) MAP = ?????

d) Blood Lactate = ??????

e) Blood volume = ????

f) Cardiac systolic ejection= ????

Dear Ramananda, i think the ACSM guidelines may help you to solve this issue. The human heart performed very differently with different category of people, say, normal, abnormal or supra normal individuals.

But training can change the way heart functioning in all human. Now taking about comparison of Kenyan and Manipuri athletes, lots of different factors can be discuss. For instance, FITT principle. The way the athletic trainer choose the FITT principle will have direct effect on the ability of the athletes.

To produce a quality athletes we require a team consist of -

1. Convincing athletes

2. Qualifief sport Physiotherapist

3. Exercise physiologists

4. Athletic trainer/ coach

5. Supporting systems etc...

Regards

One of ACSM Guideline

http://athletics.spokane.edu/getdoc/54d93fd5-4d91-4e30-97d8-3e70e91fc07e/ACSMTrainingGuide.aspx

The link you have provided was very informative@ Ratan

The heart responds to exercise training in different ways depending on the exercise stimulus to which it is subjected. The wall of the left ventricle becomes hypertrophied so that it can eject the blood against a greater vascular resistance in the blood vessels due to strength training. Strength training requires vigorous muscular contractions to lift the loads thus increasing the force the heart must generate to pump the blood through partially and totally occluded blood vessels, therefore the increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall.

Aerobic exercise training produces an increase in the volume of the left ventricle, increasing the stroke volume of the heart. In the athletic population you are interested in this is what is referred to as an athletic heart. High level strength and endurance athletes generally exhibit one of the adaptations referred to above, and both may be called “athletic or athlete’s heart”. The aerobically trained will exhibit left ventricular hypertrophy resulting in an increased volume of the left ventricle; while the strength trained athlete will exhibit left ventricular hypertrophy resulting in greater thickness of the left ventricular wall resulting in the body’s ability to pump blood against a greater amount of vascular resistance.

Changes to the heart are one of a myriad of training adaptations that occur in the bodies of highly trained athletes. Having traveled to other countries and having observed their training practices I can assure you one element – “athlete’s heart” does not make the difference between winning and losing. The training programs must be designed to tread a fine line between maximal training stimulus and over-training. Nutrition, psychological preparation, and strength and conditioning programs also contribute significantly to athletic success. But as I have seen and learned, the most important piece of the puzzle of athletic success is the athlete. Elite, high level athletes are as rare as diamonds and precious gems. They are born with gifts and abilities that are not present in “normal” people to a great degree. The job of the coach is to be able to identify those athletes who possess that special “something more” than their peers and then provide that athlete with the best training programs available.

Additionally, if the types of running events you refer to are long distance events, the physical capabilities of those individuals who excel at them are “unusual” to say the least. I know some researchers who performed a 20 year study on Master’s Athletes and one of them told me that marathon runners and long distance runners are rare human specimens physiologically. He said that beagle dogs, which were bread as hunting dogs; are unusual in that their bones have a very low bone mineral density, but they are constructed in such a way that their tensile, compressive, and torsional strength is much greater than would be expected given their low bone mineral density. He said that marathon runners, elite, world class marathon runners, demonstrate very low bone mineral density, but great strength; which allows them to run such a great amount of mileage in training without experiencing the repetitive stress musculo-skeletal injuries athletes with higher levels of BMD experience. He said they are “human beagles.”

So while training adaptations definitely play a role in athletic success, the old axom remains true – Champions are BORN, NOT Made!  

Thank you Victor... I will appreciate if you could provide me the references of your short answer.