I want to harvest products and residual substrates from reaction mix through C18 and then detect them (alcohol and aldehyde) with HPLC. I wonder which solution is suitable for eluting them.
It depends on what other functional groups are on your compounds besides the alcohol and aldehyde. Generally, water and methanol or acetonitrile work well in most cases. I'd expect more retention of the aldehyde as compared to the homologous alcohol since the alcohol would be more polar. You should also give thought to detecting your compounds.