According to U.S. law (MSRA) we must develop annual catch limits for every stock in the U.S. Caribbean fishery management plans. However, the available data is very limited. In fact, we do not have reliable catch estimates for many stocks, and we believe that effective enforcement of catch limits is unlikely in any case. We are evaluating "management equivalents" that might achieve necessary harvest reductions and allow us to monitor and estimate improvements in stock condition at low expense.

We are aware of the literature regarding time-area closures and marine protection areas (MPAs). What other management equivalents have been used successfully to manage stocks in data poor situations?

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