Dear Dr Asim

many thanks for your answer, I appreciate it. according to your classification : 

three main components: Worldviews, Strategies of Inquiry, Research Method,

Best regards

Parisa

The nature of the phenomenon to be studied or the problem under investigation largely influences the choice of the research design. Best regards

Dickson Adom

The gap identification and method to bridge the gap will help in research design.

Dear Parisa Ziarati ,

Thank you for meticulous question. It depends on the type of research.  If the wok is collaborated among countries such as Frame Program 7 and others, such bilateral cooperation, these needs researches fro European universities and the coordinator must be European.  Also the work package outline is make the design different. Working on such proposals; every university work on certain work package.  We have submitted 4-5 proposals in FP7 one only succeeded.

Best regards

Aly

Dear Parisa!

My answer: " Curiosity" :)

The research design serves several purposes. First, it suggests the necessary observations you need to make to provide answers to the research question. It outlines the ways you should make your observations. Second, the research design identifies the analytical and statistical procedures you will need to use when analyzing the data. A major purpose of research is to establish that the independent and dependent variables are causally related. The research design consists of four components necessary to establish this purpose: comparison, manipulation, control, and the ability to generalize findings...

Factors Affecting the Choice of Design

There are various types of research designs that you can use. The one you select depends on the following considerations.

First, what is the purpose of your investigation? Is it to explore and describe some political phenomenon? Do you also want to explain what you have discovered? Or do you want to pursue both purposes? 

Second, what resources do you have for your research? Are the necessary data readily available? Are you impeded by time limitations such as the constraints you face when trying to complete a term paper within a school semester? Do you have financial limitations? Is a control group available? Frequently it is expensive to produce hundreds of questionnaires and travel to data sources. Often you will need to find ways to compensate for resource limitations without unduly detracting from your research endeavor. 

Third, there are threats to the internal and external validity of your research findings. Some of the designs we cover are stronger in internal validity, while others enhance the external validity of your study. 

Last, you need to remember our discussion about ethics and research. The privacy of your subjects is foremost. They place their faith in you when they agree to be a part of your research. Do not violate their privacy or their trust.

As you can see, there are several factors that affect the type of research design you use. Often they limit your choices to less than the ideal. As a result, your conclusions may be limited and somewhat imperfect...

https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/ljones/gov3301/block11/objective1.htm

Dear Parisa 

You want to know the factors that effect the "research design ". In this case I think the first thing would be the subject under investigation, secondly the kind of relation of the variables, and third is statistical design wehather experimental, correlationl or descriptive. Thank you so much dear for this motivational question. 

Liqaa 

Your study purpose, study problem, study variables, study sample, time and financial limits, study methodology etc. all these factors will affect your study design 

good greeting

Your question is beautiful and stimulating in thinking deeply about the research objectives and cooperation relations between researchers

I certainly like to cooperate with those who are closer to the specialist (botany in general)

 And the first step I think of any research at the present time is the existence of the plant and areas of deployment so that I can collect samples, especially in my wounded country and its critical circumstances and the dangers of access to some areas

And then will facilitate other steps

Greetings

*Time and money available : large surveys or observations can be time consuming and expensive to complete and take a long time to analyse.

*Aims of the researcher : researchers could sometimes try and twist the data so it confirms hypothesis, so they might choose a method they think will give them the results they want.

*What is known about the field you are investigating : if someone has already carried out a survey in one field a sociologist might choose to interview participants instead, for example.

*Whether the researcher is interested in the subject or not : if the researcher is not interested in the subject area they might choose a quicker and less time consuming method than if they were very interested by it

*Whether the research is ethical or not : it could be that in one scenario using a certain method could be unethical. For example, interviewing a recently bereaved family could be unethical, so they would choose a different method.

*Whether the method is suitable : for example using a written questionnaire could be difficult for investigating criminals, many of whom could be illiterate.

*Whether the method is suitable : for example using a written questionnaire could be difficult for investigating criminals, many of whom could be illiterate.

Many factors affect the design of a search such as the following:

*Theoretical factors(reliability,validity , representativeness)

*Practical factors( time , cost, funding, opportunities , and the personal skills and characteristics of the researcher)

*Ethical factors(research impacts , informed consent, ensure confidentiality, be legal and ensure that not anyone subjected to harm)

*Nature of the Topic to be studied

For me as a philosophy and religion professor, my research designs are based on the availability of primary sources and the importance of the questions raised by the topic.

Dear Parisa Ziarati

Considering that the Principal Investigator and Collaborators have the necessary training and competencies for their work as researchers in science, I would consider the factors internal and external to the research process as those that could affect the Design; First those inherent to the research protocol and its different constituent parts, and secondly to the scientific and social environment where the work is carried out, that is:

First. Search Internal Validation

• Logical structure, adequately structured and based on scientific evidence of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework (Scientific Background)
• Internal coherence between the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework, with the Justification and Objectives of the work.
• Internal Consistency between Justification and Work Objectives, with Problem Statement.
• Response (affirmative or negative) to the Problem Raised (in the form of a question), with a Conjecture or Hypothesis.
• Design of Research and Methodology; Starting with formulating the Conceptual and Operational Definition of Variables; Operational Hypotheses Null (H0) and alternating (H1); In addition to the identification of measurement and evaluation instruments; Or in case of not having them, elaboration and validation of the same ones.
• Use of Statistical Methods appropriate to the type of Variables in Study.

Second. Search External Validation

• Dissemination with Publication of Results, considering how they were obtained; Ie the method and design, in addition to measuring instruments or their validation, whereby other researchers can Reproduce or Improve their Results.
• Contrastation and Counterfeiting process according to Karl Popper, through the scientific work of other research groups, on the same subject.
• Elimination or overcoming of the Theory or Hypotheses previously validated, replacing them by better approximations to reality, by new Theories and Hypotheses with greater content of scientific truth.

regards

Jose Luis

Estimada Parisa Ziarati 

Considerando que el Investigador Principal y Colaboradores tienen la formación y las competencias necesarias para su trabajo como investigadores en ciencia, yo consideraría a los factores internos y externos al proceso de investigación como los que pudieran afectar al Diseño; primero los inherentes al protocolo de investigación y sus diferentes partes constituyentes, y en segundo lugar al medio científico y social donde se desarrolla dicho trabajo, esto es:

Primero. Buscar la Validación Interna

• Estructura lógica, adecuadamente estructurada y con base en evidencias científicas del Marco Teórico y Conceptual (Antecedentes Científicos)
• Coherencia interna entre el Marco Teórico y Conceptual, con la Justificación y Objetivos del trabajo.
• Consistencia interna entre la Justificación y Objetivos del Trabajo, con el Planteamiento del Problema.
• Respuesta (afirmativa o negativa) ante el Problema Planteado (en forma de pregunta), con una Conjetura o Hipótesis.
• Diseño de la Investigación y Metodología; empezando por formular la Definición Conceptual y Operacional de Variables; Hipótesis Operativas Nula (H0) y alterna (H1); además de la identificación de los instrumentos de medición y evaluación; o en su caso de no tenerlos, elaboración y validación de los mismos.
• Utilización de Métodos Estadísticos adecuados al tipo de Variables en Estudio.

Segundo. Buscar la Validación Externa

• Difusión con Publicación de Resultados, considerando la forma como se obtuvieron; es decir, el método y el diseño, además de los instrumentos de medición o la validación de los mismos, mediante lo cual otros investigadores podrán Reproducir o Mejorar sus Resultados.
• Proceso de Contrastación y Falsación según Karl Popper, por medio del trabajo científico de otros grupos de investigación, acerca del mismo tema.
• Eliminación o superación de la Teoría o Hipótesis previamente validadas, sustituyéndolas por mejores aproximaciones a la realidad, por nuevas Teorías e Hipótesis con mayor contenido de verdad científica.

Saludos

José Luis

The most important factors that affected my research design were money, idea, and collaborators. Which was the most important factors among these three depended on the kind of the problem I pursued.

I agree with Tatsuo Tabata and Jose Luis. Best regards. 

I agree with Tabata and Lius too because money is needed for the publication

Dear Parisa, thank you for your useful question. I agree with Miss Barbara about this.

Thank you.

Research design is crucial as it provides overall structure for the research procedure, the data that a researcher collects and the data analysis that the researcher conducts.

http://moshimc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/594/8ce/294/5948ce2946762166969016.pdf

Dear Prof Barbara 

Many thanks for your answer, I admire your brief words as" ability to cooperate, willingness to share knowledge is most important in the selection of collaborators for a research project. ". You pointed on the most important factors.Thanks again for your valuable answer!

Best regards

Dear Dr Tariq H. Y. Al-Maliky

Yes exactly. Many thanks for your interesting and honest answer!

Appreciate you

Best wishes, Parisa

Dear Dr José Luis García Vigil

First of all many thanks for answering me in two languages, it is very interesting. I confirm 100% your valuable state" First. Search Internal Validation"

yes exactly. Many thanks and I really appreciate for all explanation and your time for answering briefly and completely to my question.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Prof Tatsuo Tabata 

You always answer all my questions in  a few meaningful and brief words, thanks again , you pointed to the most important factors in a research: 

affected my research design were money, idea, and collaborators!

Please accept my best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Nabeel Hameed Al-Saati 

Many thanks for sharing your idea and confirming our great riends too.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Oluwafemi Samson Balogun 

Many thanks for answering my question and mentioed the most important factor : MONEY

yes without money nothing will be followed.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Karobi Borah 

Many thanks for sharing your idea with the group, yes I myself agree with Prof. Barbara about this subject too.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Prof. Krishnan Umachandran

Many thanks for your answer, it is my honor to hear from you in this regard, Thank you again for your valuable reference too.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Ali hadi Ghawi 

Many thanks for your idea and sharing it with us.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Dickson Adom

Many thanks for your reply and sharing your valuable answer to the group.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Jian-Shiun Glax Chen ·

Thanks for your different and unique approach to research designing !

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Anirbid Sircar 

Many thanks for your answer, would you please explain more about the gap for us?

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Aly R Abdel-Moemin

many thanks, You even answered me about the collaboration between countries , it is very interesting .

I should rethink about your words:  bilateral cooperation, these needs researches fro European universities and the coordinator must be European.!!!!

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kuzin

Very interesting word: " Curiosity" 

Do you think it is enough????

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Prof.Ljubomir Jacić

I am very grateful for getting your complete answer to my question and really enjoyed and learned a lot!

In fact most of the time the second factor as you mentioned: what resources do you have for your research?, is a kind of obstacle for us in many countries!

I really appreciate your answer, Please accept my best regards from Iran.

Parisa

Dear Liqaa Habeb 

Many thanks for sharing your valuable answer with me and other friends in research gate, I really appreciate you.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Salam Jassim Hmood 

Thanks gratefully for your answer yes you mentioned a lot of important and key factors.

Best regards, Parisa

 Dear Friend Dr Azhar Abdulameer Sosa

Your answer is more beautiful and I really enjoyed it, Yes you are 100% right:

"cooperation relations between researchers

I certainly like to cooperate with those who are closer to the specialist "

It is very logic and normal, but sometimes we need some specialists who can hybride with our speciality!

Please accept my best regards from Iran, Parisa

According to Sekaran (2003) a research design is set up to decide on, among other issues, how to collect further data, analyze and interpret them, and finally, to provide an answer to the problem.

 Sekaran (2003) has identified six elements of research design. They are listed below.

1.      Purpose of the study

 2.      Type of investigation

 3.      Extent of researcher interference

 4.      Study setting

 5.      Unit of analysis

 6.      The time horizon

Sekaran (2003) wrote:

“The researcher would determine the appropriate decisions to be made in the study design based on the problem definition, the research objectives, the extent of rigor desired, and cost considerations. Sometimes, because of the time and costs involved, a researcher might be constrained to settle for less than the ideal research design. For instance, the researcher might have to conduct a cross-sectional instead of a longitudinal study, do a field study rather than an experimental design, choose a smaller rather than a larger sample size, and so on, thus sub-optimizing the research design decisions and settling for a lower level of scientific rigor because of resource constraints."

For more details please refer Sekarans book.

 Reference

 Sekaran, U., 2003. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Dear Dr Derra Mourad 

many thanks for your several classified answer,  I really appreciate you and also the way of your organized the subjects.

Best regards

Parisa

Dear Dr Isam Issa Omran

Many thanks for mentioning to ethical factors, yes they are very important, Congratulation to you for your nice unique answer!

Best regards, Parisa

Dear  Prof. Kirk MacGregor 

So wonderful that you are researching on religion subjects, very welcome to the group, I really appreciate your answer and joining us!

Please accept my best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Anuradha Iddagoda

Many thanks for your nice and valuable anwer and also the reference you mentioned, very great!

Thank you so much

Best Regards

Parisa

Validity, Reliability, Relevance, Representativeness, and Repeatability are/should be the key aspects of designing a research.

Dear Dr.Parisa

Thank you for this realistic question. Each type of research has its specificity; in General any research has a clear aims, visions in relation with the ability to applied the results In terms of applicability, the ability to avoid negativity, the potential negative aspects and the ability to overcome obstacles caused by some participants, Ability to accept the other opinion, work within a team and the ability to cover all aspects of research by the entire team by collaboration between researchers and the possibility of integration with external expertise and international cooperation and working with international institutional projects, within the ethics of scientific research, which it must be priorities

Best regards

Houda KAWAS

Dear Parisa,

Please find links about EU projects that is not related directly to your question but may help to know more info  on those projects and coordinators

http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/bilateral_cooperation/eu_ici_ecp/index_en.php

http://cerneu.web.cern.ch/

Best regards

Aly R Abdel-Moemin

Dear Prof. YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI 

Thank you for valuable brief classified answer, yes:"Validity, Reliability, Relevance, Representativeness, and Repeatability are/should be the key aspects of designing a research.

Best regards, Parisa

Dear Dr Mahmood Yenkimaleki 

I did not understand about Gender, but all of other comments seem great and very valuable, would you please kindly explain me more about gender?/ and its role in project!

Please accept my best regards, Parisa

Dear Friend Dr Houda 

I should thank you indeed, yes I would like to rewrite your valuable words:

"Ability to accept the other opinion, work within a team and the ability to cover all aspects of research by the entire team by collaboration between researchers and the possibility of integration with external expertise and international cooperation and working with international institutional projects, within the ethics of scientific research, which it must be priorities "

Best wishes

Parisa

Dear Dr Aly R Abdel-Moemin

Oh many thanks for your valuable reference and great answer, I appreciate you!

Best regards

Parisa

I think that a research has a proposal, not design, as I understand that design matches an experiment not building a research article. So, if you mean (proposal) then it depends on the quality of the journal which varies according to its Impact Factor (IF). For example the number of tables and figures which must not exceed (10).Best regards.

Research can be effected due to many reasons. such as funding, facilities, support, access to knowledge resources. It is impossible to say in one sentence. it may differ from place to place

Many factors were effect on reseah

One needs to research to answer this question as factors could be small or big. Problem at one place may not be problem else where. Universally identification is impossible. Over all i can say environment and conditions should be favourable for research completion

Greetings many, Dr. Parisa

First: I see that the answers that talk about the search and not about its design, should be excluded ...!

Second: In my opinion, the most important factors in the design of research, except what the colleagues before me, is;

1 - the nature of consciousness, and means; Is it mental or sensory or imaginary ...?

2 - the extent of possession of a philosophical mentality capable of abstraction.

3 - psychological harmony with the subject.

4. Possessing planning experience.

5. The nature of the subject itself, scientific or human? Theoretical or applied?

6 - Is the researcher imitator or innovative and creative?

7 - The audience addressed by the researcher.

8- The ability to raise questions and give solutions.

9 - Possessing structural thinking capable of forming relationships between the total of independent structures.

Gratitude for your scientific question.

Abbas

type of the samples and type of investigation methods

Dear Parisa

Research Design can be defined as the proposed plan or method of research, which takes into account three main components:

Worldviews and the Assumptions

Also called Research Paradigm. Some assume that these philosophies are based on the so-called Ontologies, different characteristics that characterize the phenomena studied or explain the ways in which these phenomena are understood, as well as the epistemologies. These theories are about knowledge itself, how it can be accessed, examined and verified From their validity and acceptance, and how we know and determine what is right and acceptable is unacceptable in our understanding and dealing with the phenomenon under study.

Although the direct and detailed discussion of these theories or philosophies is something that is often hidden in the search, these theories and their hypotheses still affect the research and the researcher to identify and choose the theory or philosophy appropriate to study. Therefore, it is suggested that the researcher explain the theories or philosophies he intends to adopt in his study clearly, as this will also help to know why the researcher chose any of the research strategies (and methods) descriptive (Qualitative), Quantitative (or compact) Mixed Methods, which use aspects of both previous types together.

When addressing this topic in the study, it may be good to do the researcher in some detail to mention:

• The theory or philosophy of research.
• Definition of the basic considerations or assumptions of theory or philosophy.
• How this theory influenced the method or method that the researcher will follow in the study.

Strategies of Inquiry

They are also called Approaches to Inquiry or Research Methodology under one of these sections (each strategy will be addressed in a separate topic with the link here):

• Quantitative Strategies.
• Qualitative Strategies. It is also useful to read a topic in qualitative research.
• Integrated strategies (Mixed Methods).

Research Methods

The third component of research design is the specific research methods, which include the data collection tools that the researcher wishes to use, the methods of analysis as well as the methods of interpretation or abstraction that the researcher proposes to use in his study.

Hope it's help

Kinds Regards

Article Research methods in education, Cohen, L. L. Manion, and K. M...

Article Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods...

 Dear Dr Nabeel Hameed Al-Saati

Many thanks for your answers , but as you see I mentioned research design, I would be grateful if you kindly see the following sites about research design, but i thank you again for sharing your valuable ideas about proposal.

Best regards

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchdesigns

https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/tutorials/researchdesigns

https://www.afidep.org/.../Module-3-Handout-1-12-Major-Types-of-Research-Design

https://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/methods/005847ch1.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/86500/ppt-on-research-on-management-ii-31350565

https://www.afidep.org/.../Module-3-Handout-1-12-Major-Types-of-Research-Design

qualquant.org/wp-content/uploads/sird/Types%20of%20Research%20Designs.pdf

https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/22780_Chapter_1.pdf

and many others in google

Dear Dr Laxman Rao Nagubandi

Many thanks for your answer, yes exactly it is different from some countries to another countries even in the same country from different organizations and many other factors which affect on the funding and facilities and hence on the designing the research. I really appreciate your points.

Best regards

Parisa Ziarati

Good Greeting Dr عباس امير معارز الشمري

Many thanks for your classified and organized answer, I really enjoyed it. Please accept my best regards!

Parisa Ziarati

Dear Dr Wisam W. Alhamadi

Many thanks for your brief answer, great!

Best wishes

Parisa

Good Greeting dear Dr Saif Aldeen Saad Alkadhim

How should I thank you for sharing your valuable and informative classified answer!

Many thanks for sharing your answer to the group.

Best regards

Parisa

Dear,Parisa Ziarati

Research Design can be defined as the proposed plan or method of research, which takes into account three main components: Worldviews, Strategies of Inquiry, Research Method,

A proper research design will help in prediction, correlation and causation

https://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/methods/005847ch1.pdf

Dear Dr Asim

many thanks for your answer, I appreciate it. according to your classification : 

three main components: Worldviews, Strategies of Inquiry, Research Method,

Best regards

Parisa

Dear Dr Vipan Kakkar 

Many thanks for your valuable informative answer. as you divided 2 Categories it seems very interesting to seem the project by your idea, Please accept my best regards

Parisa Ziarati

Dear Prof. Krishnan Umachandran 

Many thanks, as usual you mentioned  the main key !

Please accept my best wishes

Parisa

Practical experience is the most important factor. You can not do the right thing without experience.

Dear Maryam

Yes , you are 100% right, many thanks for your answer and sharing your valuable comment.

Best regards

Parisa

Hi  dear Colleagues

On behalf of our respected   Dr Réagan L I paste her answer to this question:

Hi Parisa

From my perspective and based on my own experience, several factors affect the research design chosen. it depends on the research question, the sample size, the objective or rational or need for the study, the variables, the factors, and also issues such as funds, time, and access;

I believe that when the research is too voluminous or expensive for one researcher, then it is time to collaborate with others and coordinate each otherùs efforts. I hope this helps you

agree with Vipan

Thank you dear Dr Syed!

clear-cut objective of the research study.this is my experience in dealing with many researchers for a longtime. 

Thank you dear Dr Ajit, would you please explain more!

is it possible to specify this in one or two sentences quoting one or two factors?

Research design including plan, structure, and strategy of research is the blueprint that guides the research process. Effective research design should cover appropriate subject selection, full range of variability in values of research variables, precise and accurate measurement, and identifying and controlling the effects of confounding variables. As such research design is affected by subject and topic of research, study area, samples, number of variables, the extent of variability, the accuracy of baseline data/information and correctness of data and measurement. In addition, expertise, institutional and financial support and manpower involved may also affect the research design.

Dear Prof. YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI

many thanks for your complete and transplant answer, I would like to add the truth that : expertise, institutional and financial support and manpower involved of course  also affect the research design ( not may)!!!

Best regards

Parisa

 Dear Laxman Rao Nagubandi 

and Dear Vipan Kakkar 

Many thanks for sharing your valuable answer with the group.

Best regards

Parisa Ziarati

Technology change, knowledge  or resource availability, & time constraint are the factors that affect the research design

Dear Dr Sheela Sobana Rani

Many thanks for your answer and sharing your great idea!

Best regards

Our  Dear colleague  Dr Réagan

added this valuable comment: 

As mentioned It is the research question, the variables, factors, and theory that the research and hypothesis are based on that impact the research design. Also the data analysis and data collection methods must coincide and be logically aligned with the research questions. When collaborating with others, it is important to establish these goals and objectives in the beginning so that everyone can accomplish the same objectives.

Dr Réagan