I would very much like to know what exactly is measured by the ADHD Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ). I find it very confusing.
Some research says the ASQ measures the perceptions of the perceived public stigma of ADHD (Kellison, Bussing, Bell, & Garvan, 2010). I don't quite understand what this means but I suppose it means the ASQ measures how aware respondents are about the public stigma that exists about people with ADHD. So I guess it doesn't measure their own (personal) stigma about people with ADHD. I guess this implicates that more knowledge and awareness on the public stigma surrounding ADHD, leads to higher scores on the ASQ. This is also what I've found in Bell, Long, Garvan, and Bussing (2011). They describe how the ASQ is used among teachers and how it measures the teachers' perceptions of how their students with ADHD experience stigma, and how it does not measure the teachers' own stigmatizing beliefs about their students with ADHD.
But, when I read other work (Jung, Jang, & Park, 2018) I see that they say the ASQ measures the personal stigma of the respondents surrounding ADHD. I also read this in Langlois (2020) where the researcher says that higher levels of knowledge about ADHD, are expected to lead to lower scores on the ASQ. Suggesting that it measures their own stigmatizing beliefs?
So I'm kinda lost... Who can help?
Thank you in advance!
Some of the articles that use the questionnaire appear to be testing the reliability of the instrument and therefore may be applying and analysing the results in different contexts. This may explain the phenomenon you describe. In addition, it is conceivable that the questionnaire has flexibility in its application potential, and the way findings are analysed makes the difference between success or otherwise of applying the tool in different contexts.
You can find your information at this article that is open access:
Assessment of stigma associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Psychometric evaluation of the ADHD Stigma Questionnaire
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