One of the stalwarts of Indian agriculture is the ability of the monsoon season to provide necessary seasonal water supplies. Much of the food production is dependent on the waters which originate from the Himalyan glaciers.

The Himalayan glaciers are destined from global warming to largely disappear and they are retreating in an accelerated fashion aloredy.

The effect of burgeoning greenhouse gas environment is to make the climate hotter and more erratic causing more issues with heat drought and floodings.

Pulse crops are particularly important for nutrition of the nation these when exposed to drought and high temperature become unreliable for the crtical provisision of deficit protein. These crops when exposed to high heat and drought become much more susceptible to charcoal root rot and this can then be coverted from minor disease into a problematice prevalent and epidemic problem.

These issues need that the scientists develop a new gneration of varities targeting heat drought disease pest and defensive complex to be better able to flourish under the changed and changing conditions.

Dr Paul Reed Hepperly thank you for your contribution to the discussion

This climate change leads to higher temperatures and unanticipated rainfall across the country, resulting in reduced crop yields and overall food production. Due to the rise in temperature and changes in water availability, climate change can affect irrigated agricultural production throughout Agro-ecological zones. High temperatures, changing precipitation levels, and extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, cyclones, etc. will reduce agricultural productivity. Unsustainable agricultural practices lead to soil erosion, eventually leading to a drastic loss in yields. Reduced grain and forage quality can reduce the ability of pasture and rangeland to support grazing livestock. More extreme temperature and precipitation can prevent crops from growing. Extreme events, especially floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. Climate change reduces crop yields and lower nutrition quality of produce. Extreme events like droughts affect the food and nutrient consumption, and its impact on farmers. Government of India has formulated schemes/plans to make agriculture more resilient to climate change. Climate change impacts food systems via multiple pathways, including soil fertility, water availability, reduced food yield, reduced food nutrient concentration and bioavailability, increased food anti-nutrient content and increased episodes of infectious diseases. The total production of food grains decreases due to a natural calamity. It creates a shortage of food in the affected areas. The price of the food products goes up due to this shortage. At high prices, some people cannot afford to buy food. Climate Change affects the amount of rain in that region. It also changes the amount of sunlight and brings alteration in the temperature of the region. Where excess rain can destroy the crop, the lack of rain can bring drought. The unfavorable climate change can increase the number of insects also. Food loss and waste also exacerbates the climate change crisis with its significant greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. Production, transportation, and handling of food generate significant Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and when food ends up in landfills, it generates methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas.

Hi,

Climate change may cause water shortage. In this case we need to monitor water sources especially the underground water pipeline leakage.

please take a look on my paper entitled "A Novel Technique for Detecting Underground Water Pipeline Leakage Using the Internet of Things" published in Journal of Universal Computer Science.

It is published online: https://lib.jucs.org/article/96377/list/18/

Hope this can help.

Regards,

Ahmad Abusukhon

Dr Ahmad Abusukhon thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Reduced grain and forage quality can reduce the ability of pasture and rangeland to support grazing livestock. More extreme temperature and precipitation can prevent crops from growing. Extreme events, especially floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. 65 million people are in danger of starvation as a result of climate change, with 17 million people in India suffering famine by 2030, the most among all nations. The paper goes on to say that even if global food production increases by 60 percent by 2050, 50 crore Indians will still be at risk of falling hungry. India's vulnerable food security is under threat due to climate change as the country experiences volatile cycles of droughts and flooding. Although the country is experiencing only slightly above-average rainfall, the fluctuation of precipitation varies drastically across different regions and is destabilizing crops. This climate change leads to higher temperatures and unanticipated rainfall across the country, resulting in reduced crop yields and overall food production. Due to the rise in temperature and changes in water availability, climate change can affect irrigated agricultural production throughout Agro-ecological zones. Climate change reduces crop yields and lower nutrition quality of produce. Extreme events like droughts affect the food and nutrient consumption, and its impact on farmers. Government of India has formulated schemes/plans to make agriculture more resilient to climate change.Climate change has been found to have an impact on food safety, particularly on incidence and prevalence of food-borne diseases. Increased climate variability, increased frequency and intensity of extreme events as well as slow ongoing changes will affect the stability of food supply, access and utilization. Due to concerns with gender inequality, poverty, a lack of education, and overpopulation, the children are food insecure. One of the main causes is poverty, which restricts the amount of food that youngsters can access. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. For example, projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity. The effects of climate change on agriculture can result in lower crop yields and nutritional quality due to drought, heat waves and flooding as well as increases in pests and plant diseases. Climate change impacts are making it harder for agricultural activities to meet human needs. Climate change is projected to reduce wheat yield by 19.3% in 2050 and 40% in 2080 scenarios towards the end of the century with significant spatial and temporal variations. Climate change is projected to reduce the kharif maize yields by 18 and 23% in 2050 and 2080 scenarios, respectively. Weather patterns profoundly influence growth and development of crops, water and fertilizer requirements, the incidence of pests and diseases. Livestock is also affected by the weather for their food supplies and comfort zones.

On deforestation and Atmospheric CO2. "A study of effects of terrestrial biota on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere suggests that the global net release of carbon due to forest clearing between 1860 and 1980 was between 135 × 1015 and 228 × 1015 grams. Between 1.8 × 1015 and 4.7 × 1015grams of carbon were released in 1980, of which nearly 80 percent was due to deforestation, principally in the tropics. The annual release of carbon from the biota and soils exceeded the release from fossil fuels until about 1960. Because the biotic release has been and remains much larger than is commonly assumed, the airborne fraction, usually considered to be about 50 percent of the release from fossil fuels, was probably between 22 and 43 percent of the total carbon released in 1980. The increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is thought by some to be increasing the storage of carbon in the earth's remaining forests sufficiently to offset the release from deforestation. The interpretation of the evidence presented here suggests no such effect; deforestation appears to be the dominant biotic effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide. If deforestation increases in proportion to population, the biotic release of carbon will reach 9 × 1015 grams per year before forests are exhausted early in the next century. The possibilities for limiting the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through reduction in use of fossil fuels and through management of forests may be greater than is commonly assumed".

In Italics is the abstract of the well-cited old paper:

Woodwell, G. M., Hobbie, J. E., Houghton, R. A., Melillo, J. M., Moore, B., Peterson, B. J., & Shaver, G. R. (1983). Global deforestation: contribution to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science, 222(4628), 1081-1086.

Comment: It is IMHO a Scientific Heresy when tackling the GHE issue and Carbon reduction or sequestration before suitably addressing the challenging question of the Forest Future, at the global scale, with the world engagement it deserves using among other means the polluter-payer principle to restore Forest Coverage around the world.

Illustration Maps: Virgin Forest in the U.S. From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_United_States

See also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

India's vulnerable food security is under threat due to climate change as the country experiences volatile cycles of droughts and flooding. Although the country is experiencing only slightly above-average rainfall, the fluctuation of precipitation varies drastically across different regions and is destabilizing crops. High temperatures, changing precipitation levels, and extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, cyclones, etc. will reduce agricultural productivity. Unsustainable agricultural practices lead to soil erosion, eventually leading to a drastic loss in yields. This climate change leads to higher temperatures and unanticipated rainfall across the country, resulting in reduced crop yields and overall food production. Due to the rise in temperature and changes in water availability, climate change can affect irrigated agricultural production throughout Agro-ecological zones. Reduced grain and forage quality can reduce the ability of pasture and rangeland to support grazing livestock. More extreme temperature and precipitation can prevent crops from growing. Extreme events, especially floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. Change in weather patterns and temperature due to climate change leads to dispersal of plant pathogens as hosts migrate to areas with more favorable conditions. This increases crop losses due to diseases. A changing climate may favour the more biologically diverse weeds over the monocrops most farms consist of. As the climate warms, changing weather patterns, natural disasters and heat events are becoming more frequent and severe, resulting in reduced crop yields. On top of this, air pollution stunts the growth of major staple crops like rice, corn, soya and wheat and even reducing the nutritional value of certain foods.