The NOAEL approach has been criticized since many years due to some limitations. For example; The NOAEL must be one of the experimental doses tested. The NOAEL is the next lower dose below the LOAEL. In this approach, the information contained in the remaining data has no value. In other word, the NOAEL value is not affected by the shape or slope of the dose-response curve.
In the benchmark dose (BMD) approach, however, the slope and/or shape of the dose-response curve has been taken into consideration. It means that BMD contains more information than NOAEL. Therefore, in recent years the regulations generally prefer to use BMD (if available) levels in risk characterization.
Benchmark dose is the statistical lower bound on a dose corresponding to a specified level of risk.
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