Nano-particles are used in targeted drug delivery. Simplifying the process, it’s a combination of three basic mechanisms. First a specific drug will be loaded onto a certain type of nano-particles before admission to the body. There will be a transportation mechanism involved to guide the drug loaded nano-particles to the targeted cite. For an example if the nano-particles are magnetic, this property will be used to guide them to the targeted cite. Once the particles reach the targeted cite the drugs will be released. In most events the drug release mechanism will be specific to the targeted sites variations from the normal or non targeted areas. For an instance the high acidity in cancer cells is used as the drug release mechanism in targeted drug delivery based cancer treatment. One targeted drug delivery method for cancer involves deals with the drug Cisplatin loaded on vetarite nano-particles. As per my knowledge targeted drug delivery methodology has been researched for 3 decades or so and you'll find plenty of research on this topic.