Listeria monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen. This bacteria is a strong pathogen and hard to eliminate and resistant to antibiotics even the newly created ones.
Following papers suggest that listeriolysin and other exotoxins contribute virulence and invasive property to LM and makes harder to eliminate the pathogen.
Article Listeriolysin O is essential for virulence of Listeria monoc...
Article Role in virulence of phospholipases, listeriolysin O and lis...
Article Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors, including Listerio...
Article Listeria monocytogenes virulence factor Listeriolysin O favo...
PhageGuard Listex is a natural & organic FDA-approved solution for Listeria monocytogene
Listeria monocytogenes produces many virulence factors such as hemolysin (listeriolysin O), superoxide dismutase, phospholipase C, catalase and surface protein (p60). The listeriolysin O is responsible for damaging the phagosome membrane to prevent the killing of the species by the macrophage. Protein (p60) prevents phagocytosis through increase adhesion and penetration to the host's cell. These factors help them to resist elimination by the host's defense system.
The optimal growth of this species ranges from 30'C to 35'C and also at 4'C, which means that it has the ability to survive different environmental factors. Listeria monocytogenes possesses two‐component signal transduction systems (2CSTS), that play roles in response to different environmental conditions including resistance to antimicrobial substances. The 2CSTS are comprised of a membrane bound histidine kinase sensor, that can detects environmental changes, and a transcriptional regulator for mediation of the changes. It also contributes tp the resistance of L. monocytogenes to β‐lactaams which includes the antibiotic, cephalosporins.
Reference:
Mahon, C.R., Lehman, D.C., Manuselis, G. (2014). Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (5th ed.). New York: Saunders.
Olaimat, A. N., Al-Holy, M. A., Shahbaz, H. M., Al-Nabulsi, A. A., Abu Ghoush, M. H., Osaili, T. M., … Holley, R. A. (2018). Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance inListeria monocytogenesIsolated from Food Products: A Comprehensive Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 17(5), 1277–1292. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12387
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