What are the three harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment and challenges of Indian agriculture in the current scenario of changing climate?
In Indian agriculture the grain staple is largely dependent on ammoniated fertilizer.
As a carbon signature in gran monoculture this can result in up to and over 50% of the carbon signature.
Secondly the ammoniated fertilizer has the ability to acidify the soil leading to acid infertility.
Thirdly the stimulated decay from ammoniated fertilizers can lead to loss of soil carbon reserves.
The soil carbon level can be an effective bioindicator of the productivity and ecological functioning of the soil. If soils have less than 3 percent soil organic matter they are constrained for the vast majority of crop production.
Many soils are less than 2% soil organic matter while virgin soils have over 5% soil organic matter. Targeting soil organic matter can yield ability to increase soil productivity while improving the atmospheric result as atmospheric resource is invested into the soil helping resolve the principle cropping contraint which is inadequate and unreliable water supply..
Farmers can focus on soil testing and monitoring and develop improved crop and animal systems to return soils from a depleted state to more original soil status.
Agriculture contributes to a number larger of environmental issues that cause environmental degradation including: climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, dead zones, genetic engineering, irrigation problems, pollutants, soil degradation, and waste. Average farm size, poor infrastructure, low use of farm technologies and best farming techniques, decrease of soil fertility due to over fertilization and sustained pesticide use, are leading contributors to low agricultural productivity. There are many marginal and small farmers in India. Lands are small, landholdings are fragmented, and the average size of landholding is shrinking. In India's agricultural sector, there is massive under-employment, particularly in the un-irrigated tracts. Erosion of soil by heavy rain, floods, insufficient vegetation cover etc., reduces farm productivity. Inadequate irrigation facilities and poor management of water resources have led to a great decline in agricultural productivity. This climate change leads to higher temperatures and unanticipated rainfall across the country, resulting in reduced crop yields and overall food production. Due to the rise in temperature and changes in water availability, climate change can affect irrigated agricultural production throughout Agro-ecological zones.
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