When we say Sustainability it essentially encompasses all the elements of the system - living (both human and animal) as well as non-living - that you are dealing with and it is upto us what to include and what not to. When you review the literature pay special attention to the ones that give due weightage to all the elements of the system.

Over exploitation by the fishermen should be stopped in the coastal area, they should be encouraged to go for deep sea fishing. Alternative jobs can be provided for the fishing community to reduce the pressure on coastal fishing activity.

People of coastal region are very poor and need livelihood support for their existence. Now a days anthropogenic  activities are creating climate induced pressure on the life of locals. It is duty and responsibility of Government and Non Government organization to plan strategies for the sustainable use of  natural resources. Alternative livelihood and intensive awareness  programme especially designed for coastal areas are the demand of the day.

Perhaps this paper that we wrote with colleagues from the south of Europe & the Mediterranean includes helpful ideas. In the paper we attempt to include biological, social, economic and environmental elements in the construction of an "indicator of sustainability" for a variety of fishing strategies, mainly small-scale fisheries ones. You might find it useful...

Best regards,

Vangelis

In 2012 I worked on the joint implementaton of a UNEP pilot project on sustainable fishing in Barbados (a Latin American Island) led by The Government of Barbados and in collaboration  with the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES) from The University of the West Indies (UWI), Cave

Hill Campus. The project was on “Up-scaling Sustainable Resource Management in Coastal Watershed Communities of Barbados’ National Park and System of Open Spaces”. An interesting article is available where you can find details and results of this very interesting and succesful experience. The main focus was on developing and implementing a code for fishing activities in this areas enodrsed by the Government.

http://flseagrant.ifas.ufl.edu/GCFI/papers/015.pdf

I hope this helps and enjoy the reading, Sonia

Oh! And you might also find some interesting info in the "too big to ignore" network pages. I'd suggest you start from there:

http://toobigtoignore.net/

No doubt, reinforcing the ability of inshore fishermen to expand seawards would improve the sustainability of the inshore fish resources, but only if stipulated, IMO, by excluding large-scale fishing fleets from coastal waters. For exmple, where small-scale fishermen are technically able and prepared to fish offshore till, say, 12 naut.miles, the strip 0-12 nm should be legally accessible and enforced in practice exclusively to their fishery. Small-scale fishermen outreach may be increased by appropriate motorization of their boats and non-exploitative credit for fishing gear, fuel, and other expenses. There's a major social value in replacing large-scale by small-scale operation, because this would enable local people to benefit from their neighbouring marine resources, instead of large fleets owners - anonymous corporations and tycoons - employing cheap, foreign manpower. This would assure the sort of sustainability described by some of the former writers. More can be found in the websites below, and in my paper:

Scope of low energy fishing in the present world fisheries context.Pp.121-125 in: George, V.C. et al (Eds.). Low Energy Fishing. Fish.Technol. (Spec. issue: Proc.Natl.Workshop on Low Energy Fishing, Aug.8-9, 1991). Society of Fisheries Technologists, India. 1993

.

[email protected]

http://benyami3.wix.com/benyami

http://www.worldfishing.net/news101/Comment/ben-yami

Our experience shows that Marine Protected Areas are the best tool to improve fisheries. The key point is that an MPA must be a real no take zone and have a buffer area of certain size around it. no take zone must be not smaller than 1000 m radius and the optimum design include several ones with distances between them around 10-15 Km. The great adventage of MPAs is that not only preserve biodiversity and recover the natural conditions of fish populations and ecosistem equilibria but also export biomass to the fishing grounds. You can see some of these considerations at

Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Martín, E., Marcos, C., Zamarro, J.M., Stobart, B., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Polti, S., Planes, S., García-Charton, J.A., and González-Wangüemert, M., 2008. Modelling spatial and temporal scales for spill-over and biomass exportation from MPAs and their potential for fisheries enhancement. Journal for Nature Conservation, 16 (4): 234-255.

García-Charton, J.A., Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C., Claudet, J., Badalamenti, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Falcón, J.M., Milazzo, M., Schembri, P.J., Stobart, B., Vandeperre, F., Brito, A., Chemello, R., Dimech, M., Domenici, P., Guala, I., Le Diréach, L., Maggi, E. and Planes, S., 2008. Effectiveness of European Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs: Do they accomplish the expected effects on populations, communities and ecosystems? Journal for Nature Conservation, 16 (4): 193-221.

Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C., García-Charton, J.A., and Salas, F. 2008. European marine protected areas (MPAs) as tools for fisheries management and conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation, 16 (4): 187-192.

Vandeperre, F., , Higgins, R.M., Sánchez-Meca, J., Maynou, F., Goñi, R., Martín-Sosa, P., Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Afonso, P., Bertocci, I., Crec'hriou, R., D'Anna, G., Dimech, M., Dorta, C., Esparza, O., Falcón, J.M.e, Forcada, A., Guala, I., Le Direach, L., Marcos, C., Ojeda-Martínez, C., Pipitone, C., Schembri, P.J., Stelzenmüller, V., Stobart, B., Santos, R.S. 2011. Effects of no-take area size and age of marine protected areas on fisheries yields: A meta-analytical approach. Fish and Fisheries 12 (4): 412-426

Marine Protected Areas are known to be good tools to improve fisheries, because they export biomass to surrounding fishing areas. For small scale coastal fisheries, one of the tools to consider is the participative management of marine resources. In the South Pacific for example, there are several examples where involving  local people in management decisions show really good results. Here are a couple of papers of interest.

Dumas, P., Jimenez, H., Léopold, M., Petro, G., Jimmy, R., 2010. Effectiveness of village-based marine reserves on reef invertebrates in Emau, Vanuatu. Environ. Conserv. 37, 364-372.

Léopold, M., Cornuet, N., Andréfouët, S., Moenteapo, Z., Duvauchelle, C., Raubani, J., Ham, J., Dumas, P., 2013. Comanaging small-scale sea cucumber fisheries in New Caledonia and Vanuatu using stock biomass estimates to set spatial catch quotas. Environ. Conserv. 40(4), 367-379.

Pl forward your question to Prof. Upali Amarasinghe. He will be able to help you. 

The definition of coastal small-scale fisheries is very important when we design management plans for the coastal ecosystems. The coastal fisheries encompass basically the areas which are accessed by the traditional and motorised fishermen who operate their boats which are mostly up to 10 hp and a length of  5-8 m. Thus first and foremost, there should be effective legislation to stop illegal

1)Thus first and foremost, there should be effective legislation to stop illegal in indiscriminate fishing in these regions.

2) Effective and continuous patrolling using patrol boats and coastal police vessels should be implemented

3) Once first two points are done, there should be prohibition to any activities which may change the general biology of fishes (migration, feeding, breeding etc.) like mining, dumping of wastes, etc. 

4) A continuous reporting system  for catch, unique observations (fish death, heavy landing) using ICT and other technological and issues between fishermen should be implemented using the community-based fisheries management

5) If already some systems of fisheries limits exist in the coastal systems (traditional and religious controls), if they found adequate, try to promote them

6) Estimate the fisheries and biodiversity of the ecosystems with rigorous sampling with participatory approach to make the fishermen understand the importance of the study.

7) The projects should be focused for long term to make an impact in the livelihood of fishermen

Stakeholders identification

what whom should  do?

1) Fisheries patrolling- state-level Departments

2) The data collection and analysis from different sources- Research institutions like ICAR

3) Reporting of fisheries data to research institutions and dept.--Fishermen community  on a weekly basis.

4)Awareness and training programmes- Research institutions and Dept.

There are a lot of references on Management Strategy Evaluation which is being used in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and a few other places.  The main idea is that the objectives (what we are trying to accomplish) are well defined with good, objective measurement mechanisms, and that these strategies are regularly reviewed and changed as necessary.  The work in Australia (which I was involved in) simulated the strategies and environment as a means of weeding out fruitless or  damaging strategies, designing  assessment methods and gauging their likely effectiveness.

Search for research by Keith Sainsbury, Beth Fulton, Tony Smith, Bill De la Mare.

There are some papers on ResearchGate in Beth's spot (and mine) for certain. Quite a lot of examples can be found by searching for "Management Strategy Evaluation" in scholar.google.com.

I believe that approach has been credited with very good results in managing fisheries under threat, and there are papers discussing its use in terrestrial environments too.

Our experience in Iran showed that you must restock local fishes and the fishes  used of  all item in food chain.

This is a great question but one that is challenging because there is no precise answer. You have already received several excellent responses, including that of MPAs. However I tend to side with Menakhem here in that you must also consider sustaining fishermen. Yes, I know the refrain, if you do not first protect the environment there will be no fishery, but in my mind this is inadequate as fishermen will simply move on to something else, either another species, fishery, or land-based industry, and potentially cause similar overfishing or upheaval.

A useful starting point is the 3 Ps: Planet, People, and Profit (Economy). The intersection of these is sustainability. In your specific circumstance consider what is needed to sustain all three Ps. Then consider options to achieve all three with associated metrics of success, and you begin to establish measurable criteria with which to evaluate the sustainability of the fishery. Note that such consideration extends beyond the narrow consideration of protecting the planet at the 'expense' of people and profit.

In conclusion, if you want to protect the environment, sustain a fishery, and have a vibrant coastal community, then a well-considered, holistic approach will shorten the odds that you realize this outcome.  

Basically the adoption of public policies activity planning

Design and implementation of small replicable adaptation actions in key selected coastal areas

Activity 3.1. Training and pilot implementation of ecologically-friendly fishing gears and optimization of fish storage in 8 artisanal fishing boats (