I want to start Phytochemical and Pharmacological work on plant extracts. On what basis I can select the solvents for extraction? How many solvents should I select?, Is there any criteria for selection of solvents for extraction?
Generally the nature of the solvents in terms of their polarity are taken into account. Normally we use polar, non-polar and water extract as solvents in addition to what Kirankumar has suggested
in my experience in phytochemistry use polar, non polar solvents. if you are planing to work in the new plant (phytochemically new one) start with chloroform solvent with different concentration (increasing polarity).
Perhaps you can use bioguided extraction (solvents with varying degrees of polarity).
See this:
Pieters, L., & Vlietinck, A. J. (2005). Bioguided isolation of pharmacologically active plant components, still a valuable strategy for the finding of new lead compounds?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1), 57-60.
depending on what you want to extract, you can have different fractions in order to get rid of unwanted materials from your final extraction. In other words, you can have fractions like aqueous extract, n-hexane extract, chloroform extract, ethanolic
If you are interested in extracting as many as possible compounds and you have no idea what type of compound is responsible for the activity, acetone is the best in our experience. See ELOFF, J N 1998 Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants? Journal of Ethnopharmacology 60, 1-8.
In other publications we have compared 12 different extractants. KOTZE M and ELOFF J N 2002 Extraction of antibacterial compounds from Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae). South African Journal of Botany 68, 62-67
ELOFF JN, FAMAKIN JO and KATERERE DRP [2005] Combretum woodii (Combretaceae) leaf extracts have high activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 4, 1161-1166
I am extracting some dried leaf samples by using soxhlet method. but my powdered samples looks clumpy, and not able to powder finely. the leaf sample is known with its fibre as well as mucilage contents. Will this affect my extraction ? is there any special method for extraction of these kind of plant materials?