The Red Sea salinity is characterized by values ranging up to 41‰ in the northern part (Red Sea, edited by Alasdair J. Edwards)
As a marine chemist, I can provide the following information on the salinity of the Mediterranean and Red Seas:
The Mediterranean Sea has an average salinity of about 38 parts per thousand (ppt). This higher salinity is due to several factors, including high evaporation rates, limited freshwater input from rivers, and its relatively enclosed nature which restricts water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean.
The Red Sea, on the other hand, exhibits even higher salinity levels, averaging around 40 ppt. The primary reasons for this high salinity are the intense evaporation rates, minimal freshwater influx from rivers and rainfall, and limited water exchange with the Indian Ocean through the narrow Bab el Mandeb Strait.
Both seas are known for their unique oceanographic conditions, contributing to their distinct salinity profiles.
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