Could you kindly provide me with references to studies that evaluate the relative impacts of geographical distance and directional distance on active transportation mode choice, such as walking and cycling?
A long time ago I did a bit of research into that:
Neighborhood Design and Walking Trips in Ten U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Boer R, Zheng Y, Overton A, Ridgeway GK, Cohen DA. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32(4) http://www.ajpm-online.net/webfiles/images/journals/amepre/1834Boer.pdf
That is obviously not representing current state of the art but you might want to use it to see who quotes it more recently e.g. in web of science of google scholar.
BTW: The DOI that Kangna Xie posted gives a 'not found' when I tried e.g. at doi.org. Maybe Kangna Xie can provide a full reference?
en el ordenamiento territoril de las ciudades deben generarse una provisiòn optima de bienes y servicios de la ciudad que pueden ser accedidos en bicicleta o caminando menos de 30 minutos
About the reply by Juan CARLOS Castellanos: In the USA, most walking trips are shorter than 0.8 km and bicycling trips shorter than 2.4 km. This may be different elsewhere but I would be quite hesitant to assume that walk or bicycle for 30 min to reach a regular destination, let alone, plan a city based on that assumption.