According to 2013 data from the International Tungsten Industry Association (ITIA), the recycling rate was 50% in Europe and the United States in contrast to 30% in Japan. To improve the tungsten recycling rate in Japan, it is efficient to use scrap cemented carbide because the tungsten content in cemented carbide is more than 80%, which is higher than in other uses.
Selective Biosorption and Recovery of Tungsten from an Urban Mine and Feasibility Evaluation.Article Selective Biosorption and Recovery of Tungsten from an Urban...
Tungsten carbide, WC, can be leached (reactively dissolved) by using freshly prepared piranha solution, i.e. 3:1 v/v H2SO4 (98 wt%) + H2O2 (30 wt%), which can be used diluted after slowly adding the prior conc. piranha solution to water (up to about 1:2; wt piranha : wt H2O); or by using hot conc. HNO3.
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) can be dissolved by using hot aq. NH4OH (approx. 5 wt% by about 80 ºC) or with HF (aq.) heated in autoclave.
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