For carbohydrates, we measure plasma glucose, insulin and c-peptide. For lipids, triacylglycerols (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).

These would be the standard ones, but there are also other gut hormones that may be important depending on what you are trying to study (CCK, GLP-1, PYY, GIP).

but for studies we can find for carbohydrates, plasma glucose, HbA1c and insulin and for lipids triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, Total cholesterol and apo A1 and apo B

are these parameters used as markers especialy for diabetics

Increase in plasma level of chylomicrons (apo B-48 containing lipoproteins) is the primary metabolic marker of postplandial state