There are hundreds of very harmful chemicals at this process i have to know which are most harmful.
Due to the fact that shale gas exploitation is a comercial operation, details of the additives in hydrofracking fluids as well as the flowback fluids are not known to people outside of the bussiness.
Dear Akin,
On my researchegate page you can find a file with all the additives materials used in hydrofracking.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270891051_PRODUITS_CHIMIQUES_UTILISEES_DANS_LA_FRACTURATION_HYDRAULIQUE_GAZ_DE_SCHISTE?_iepl%5BviewId%5D=9saf5cJ8B6iSNIeqfRcOMLiN&_iepl%5BprofilePublicationItemVariant%5D=default&_iepl%5Bcontexts%5D%5B0%5D=prfpi&_iepl%5BtargetEntityId%5D=PB%3A270891051&_iepl%5BinteractionType%5D=publicationTitle
Best regards
Technical Report PRODUITS CHIMIQUES UTILISEES DANS LA FRACTURATION HYDRAULIQU...
Dear Akin,
The document proposed by messaoud is very interesting, but it is in French. This is one of the few documents that reveal the type of chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing.. Here is an excerpt in English.
At the last meeting of the Congress, the Committee on Energy and Commerce (USA) launched an investigation to examine the practice of hydraulic fracturing in the United States. As part of this investigation, the Committee asked 14 major oil and gas companies to disclose the types and volumes of hydraulic fracturing products used in their fluids between 2005 and 2009 and the chemical content of these products.
Between 2005 and 2009, 14 major oil and gas companies (USA) used more than 2,500 hydraulic fracturing products containing 750 chemicals and other components. Overall, these companies used 780 million gallons of hydraulic fracturing products - not including water added to the well site - between 2005 and 2009. Some of the components used in hydraulic fracturing products were used frequently and generally harmless, such as salt and citric acid. Some were unexpected, such as instant coffee and nut shells. And some are extremely toxic, such as benzene and lead. The most widely used product in hydraulic fracturing during this period, as measured by the number of compounds containing the chemical, was methanol. Methanol, which has been used in 342 hydraulic fracturing products, is a hazardous air pollutant and is on the list of potential "candidates" for regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Some of the most widely used chemicals are isopropyl alcohol (used in 274 products), 2-butoxyethanol (used in 126 products), and ethylene glycol (used in 119 products). BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene - occur in 60 of the hydraulic fracturing products used between 2005 and 2009. Each compound is a BTEX contaminant regulated under the Safe Drinking Water and and a hazardous air pollutant under the Clean Air Act. Benzene is also a carcinogen. Hydraulic fracturing companies injected 11.4 million gallons of products containing at least one BTEX chemical over the five-year period. Between 2005 and 2009, hydraulic fracturing companies used 95 products containing 13 different carcinogens. They include naphthalene (a possible carcinogen for humans), benzene (a carcinogen), and acrylamide (a probable carcinogen for the man). Overall, these companies injected 10.2 million gallons of fracturing products containing at least one carcinogen. Many of the chemical components of hydraulic fracturing fluids used by companies were listed on MSDSs as "proprietary" or "industrial secret". Hydraulic fracking companies used 93.6 million gallons of 279 products containing at least one exclusive element between 2005 and 2009. Here are some of the most widely used toxic chemicals :
Methanol (Methyl alcohol), Isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol, Propan-2-ol), Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-butoxyethanol), Ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), Hydrotreated light petroleum distillates,
With my best regards
Prof. Bachir ACHOUR
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