Could you tell me what are the most efficient features to extract from an ERP signal in order to classify signals into 2 classes: class that contains a P300 response, and a class that does not.
Based on my experience, it is more efficient to use simple methods. The selection of time (interval after the stimuli occur - for the P300 e.g. 250 ms - 600 ms, since the P300 component latency may vary greatly) and channels (typically central and parietal electrodes on the surface of the head) is optimal. Given the sampling rate of e.g. 1 kHz, you would have 350 x features, which is - of course - unacceptable. To reduce the dimensionality, you can band-pass filter and sub-sample the data significantly, because outside of maybe 0.1 Hz - 12 Hz frequency range, there is very little useful data anyway.