@ Shovon, Ag+ and Cu2+ ions may cause DNA damage in bacteria and fungi. They are the efficient antibacterial agents against extracellular as well as internalized S. Electron microscopy showed formation of cavities, holes, membrane degradation, blebs, cellular collapse, and lysis.

Thanks. Is there reference paper?

@ Shovon, please have a look of the attached files.

J. C. Tarafdar Thank you.

For example, copper oxide nanoparticles, Mg2+, silver as well as cationic starch have antimicrobial properties that can help in eliminating fungal and bactrial growth. In some microorganisms that use respiratory enzymes, AgNPs interfere with the respiratory mechanism, leading to the ultimate death of the organism, by destroying enzymes. Silver ion blocks the cytochrome oxidase in the bacterial respiratory chain. Silver nanoparticles have different antimicrobial properties, For example, they have potentials for disruption of cellular adhesion, lipopolysaccharide decomposition (LPS), intracellular penetration and DNA degradation via molecular electron binding and ion release.

Omid Raiesi Thanks