Dear Shib, it depends on which kind of measurements (and scale) you refer. Elastic moduli, porosity, permeability...? In addition you must also to take into account if you're referring to laboratory scale (properties on small samples) or in situ scale (properties at Earth surface, in depth, tectonics...). In general terms main uncertainties in rock physics depends on anisotropy and inhomogeneity (of the rock) and on accuracy of instrumentation used.
Reformulate your question. Are you asking what are the physical measures related to rock properties of higher importance (precise in which context - oil and gas, geothermal, hydrogeology, overall, etc)? Or are you asking what the challenges to performing measurements relative to such characteristics, precise the contexte (in wells, field scale from surface, in the lab, etc)?
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